Mannheim files
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Title: | Revised Rhine Navigation Act |
| Short title: | Mannheim files, Rhine ship files |
| Previous title: | Revised Rhine shipping files between Prussia, Baden, Bavaria, France, Hesse and the Netherlands |
| Abbreviation: | MA files |
| Type: | International treaty |
| Scope: | Signatory States |
| Legal matter: | Traffic law , shipping law |
| References : | 310-6 |
| Original version from: | October 17, 1868 ( PrGS. 1869 p. 798) |
| Entry into force on: | July 1, 1869 |
| New announcement from: | March 11, 1969 ( Federal Law Gazette II pp. 597, 598 ) |
| Last change by: | Additional Protocol No. 7 of November 27, 2002 ( Federal Law Gazette 2003 II p. 1912, 1913 ) |
| Effective date of the last change: |
December 1, 2004 (Art. 2 Paragraph 2 G of December 13, 2003 Federal Law Gazette II p. 1912 ) |
| Please note the note on the applicable legal version. | |
The Mannheim Act (officially: Revised Rhine Shipping Act of October 17, 1868 ) is an international agreement that still regulates shipping on the Rhine today .
Principles
The principles of the contract are:
- a free shipping
- the equal treatment of boatmen and fleets
- the exemption from shipping taxes
- a simplified customs clearance
- an obligation of the neighboring states to maintain the Rhine
- a standardization of the ship safety and shipping traffic regulations
- a single jurisdiction for shipping matters and the establishment of Rhine shipping courts
- the establishment of a commission to monitor these principles
history
A regulation of free navigation on the Rhine that was adopted in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 could not be implemented in practice. In 1815, therefore, the Congress of Vienna resolved again the freedom of navigation for international waters and the establishment of a central commission for navigation on the Rhine , which first met in Mainz in 1816 . On March 31, 1831, the "Mainz Act" was agreed. This agreement eliminated, among other things, stacking and handling rights from the Middle Ages, as well as privileges from boatmen's guilds and taxes arising from them. The abolition of the tariffs discussed in the previous negotiations failed mainly due to the resistance of the smaller neighboring countries, which did not want to do without the source of income that was important to them.
After the commission was moved to Mannheim in 1861 , the Mannheim Acts of Baden , Bavaria , France , Hesse , the Netherlands and Prussia were signed on October 17, 1868 . The principles of this agreement are still valid today. With Article 355 of the Versailles Treaty , the seat of the Commission was moved to Strasbourg in 1920 . A successor agreement that came into force in 1967 confirmed the principles of the Mannheim Act, and Switzerland , as a state bordering the Rhine, also became a signatory state .
literature
in order of appearance
- Hans Vomhoff: The revision of the Mannheim Rhine Shipping Act. A study on the new formation of international law on navigation on the Rhine . Ferdinand Dümmler's publishing house, Berlin 1925.
- Benjamin Marius Telders : The struggle for the new Rhine shipping act. With the draft of a new Rhine Navigation Act adopted by the Central Commission at first reading . Gräfe and Unzer , Königsberg 1934.
- Konrad Fuchs : On the transport policy of the Duchy of Nassau 1815-1866 . In: Nassauische Annalen , 77th volume, 1966. pp. 134-141.
- Friedrich Meißner: The right of the European Economic Community in relation to the Rhine Shipping Act of Mannheim. A contribution to the significance of Article 234 of the EEC Treaty under international law . Duncker and Humblot , Berlin 1973, ISBN 3-428-02837-6 .
- Lower Rhine Chamber of Commerce and Industry Duisburg-Wesel-Kleve: Is the Mannheim Rhine Shipping Act still up to date? Annual meeting on November 15, 1978, Schifferbörse in Duisburg-Ruhrort . Duisburg 1978.
- Association for Inland Shipping and Waterways eV (ed.): Revised Rhine Shipping Act of October 17, 1868 (in the version of the announcement of March 11, 1969 together with additional protocols and final protocol). Mannheim files . Binnenschiffahrts-Verlag, Duisburg 1980 (and other editions).
- The Rhine - the main axis of inland navigation . In: Heide Ringhand: The inland shipping . Flowing streets - living rivers . Published in cooperation with the Bundesverband der Deutschen Binnenschiffahrt e. V. BeRing Verlag, Velbert-Neviges 1992, ISBN 3-925636-16-1 , pp. 58-59.