Rhenish transition style

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The chancel of the St. Mark's Chapel in Altenberg with its squat pointed arches and pointed windows

The Rhenish transition style is an architectural style at the transition from Romanesque to Gothic in the Rhineland . A form of the late Romanesque style in Germany is generally referred to as a transition style, which increasingly takes up elements of the French Gothic, but uses these elements mainly decorative, without adopting the structure of the French Gothic cathedral as a whole. The buildings of this style were built at the end of the 12th century and until the middle of the 13th century. The transition style ended with the final assertion of Gothic architecture in Germany. The completion of the late Romanesque church of St. Kunibert in Cologne in 1247 and the laying of the foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral in the following year, with which the Rayonnant Gothic found its way into Germany, are considered to be the boundary marks between the transitional style and High Gothic in the Rhineland. The term transition style is a word coined in the 19th century, in which Romanesque and Gothic were defined as medieval architectural styles. According to Wilhelm Lübke , the Rhenish transition style is “most brilliantly” represented by Limburg Cathedral .

history

In medieval architecture, the style phase of the Romanesque lasted until the middle of the 13th century, the Gothic began in France as early as 1140. In the final phase of the Romanesque in the Rhineland during the reign of the Hohenstaufen a change in architecture towards Gothic was already taking place out. The arches in the windows and in the vault were already pointed in Gothic style, buttresses, service bundles and vaults with profiled cross ribs were used. This architecture is the Rhenish transition style .

Examples

Below is a selection of church buildings that have been built in the Rhenish transition style:

  • St. Margaret's Basilica

  • Bonn Minster

  • Seligenthal monastery church

  • Liebfrauenkirche Koblenz

  • Limburg Cathedral

  • Assumption of Mary Andernach

  • Quirinus-Münster Neuss, west facade

  • Markuskapelle Altenberg

  • Münstermaifeld Collegiate Church

  • St. Ludgerus Werden

  • St. Martin Linz on the Rhine

  • Parish Church of St. Peter in Sinzig

  • Marienkirche Gelnhausen

  • St. Severin Erpel

  • St. Severus in Boppard

  • Fraukirch pilgrimage church

See also

literature

  • Adam C. Oellers : UEBERGAENGE, contributions to art and architecture in the Rhineland , publishing house and database for the humanities, Alfter 1993 ISBN 3-929742-12-8 , p. 7ff. " Lower Rhine-Staufer architecture and Rhenish transition style "
  • Paul Clemen : Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreis Mülheim am Rhein , printed and published by L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1901, p. 191 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In Dutch architectural history, one speaks of " Romano-Gothic ".
  2. ↑ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6. A., 1905–1909: Transitional style, the period in the history of architecture during which the late Romanesque style took up the pointed arch and the ribbed vault and gradually changed to the Gothic style. In Germany, the transition style prevailed during the last quarter of the 12th and first half of the 13th centuries.
  3. ↑ Lexikon der Kunst, Vol. 7, Leipzig 2004, p. 477. Georg Dehio, Gustav von Bezold: Die kirchliche Baukunst des Abendlandes , Vol. 2, Stuttgart 1901, p. 257ff. Online Heidelberg University Library accessed on November 6, 2014
  4. ^ Norbert Nussbaum: German church architecture of the Gothic. 2. A. Darmstadt 1994, p. 10ff.
  5. ^ Wilhelm Lübke: Die Kunst des Mittelalters, p. 164, accessed on August 29, 2014