Collegiate Church of St. Martin and St. Severus
The collegiate church St. Martin and St. Severus is the church of the former collegiate St. Martin and St. Severus in Münstermaifeld in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate . The church building in the Rhenish transitional style , dating from the 12th to 13th centuries, is also known as the “Maifeldmünster”.
The collegiate church of St. Martin and St. Severus is a protected cultural asset under the Hague Convention .
history
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The church goes back to a Merovingian foundation in the 6th or 7th century and was the center of an original parish .
According to the records of the Trier historian Hontheim, its construction begins in the time of Archbishop Magnerich von Trier on the foundation of a Roman watchtower, as the center of Christianization . In 640 the Martinskirche in today's Münstermaifeld was consecrated by Archbishop Modoald . Shortly after 700 the Martinskirche "Monasterium" (Münster), d. H. Monastery church. It was first mentioned as a collegiate church in 905.
The Bishop of Trier Ruotbert brought relics of St. Severus of Ravenna from Italy to Trier in February 952 . A few years later (probably 956) he had them transferred to the former monastery in Münstermaifeld. Some of the relics were later brought to Boppard . After the relics were transferred to Münstermaifeld, it became a pilgrimage center in the Middle Ages.
The " westwork ", which is still visible today , a 34 meter high twin tower facing west, is in the lower part the significant remainder of the Romanesque predecessor building of the collegiate church, consecrated in 1103 by Archbishop Bruno von Bretten .
The basilica , which until then had been flat-roofed , was replaced by today's Gothic church from 1225 to 1322. First was the choir house , the best example vorgotischer polygonal choir plants in the Rhineland, reinitiated with side apses in even late Romanesque style in the 13th century. The transept and nave were built in high Gothic forms. The Gothic upper floor with its battlements and bay windows was only added in the 14th century. It was necessary to increase this fourth floor of the tower because it was supposed to accommodate the new belfry. As a result, the old, still recognizable sound holes were covered by the new roof. The consecration took place in 1322 under Archbishop Balduin von Trier .
In the High Middle Ages, the monastery passed to the Augustinian canons .
In 1802 the monastery was abolished in the course of secularization . Extensive renovation work took place in 1924–1933, during which wall paintings from the 13th to 15th centuries were uncovered.
inner space
What is surprising inside is the expanse of the room and the restrained force of the rising pillars, which join together in powerfully tamed harmony in the multi-faceted vault.
- A masterpiece of medieval wood carving is the late Gothic Antwerp retable , which dominates the choir as the main altar. The work, which dates from the 16th century, was in the north side choir until it was repaired in 1932.
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- In the north aisle is the Holy Sepulcher (depiction of the Entombment of Christ, around 1500) with seven smaller than life-sized figures made of tuff stone. Stylistically, the image is related to the holy graves in Andernach (Church of Our Lady) and in Sinzig . Above the Holy Sepulcher is the depiction of Christ as the Man of Sorrows between four angels with instruments of suffering, all under a high canopy.
- An 8 meter high painting of St. Christophorus with the child of God on his left arm dates from the 13th century and is located on the inner front wall of the north transept.
- The old wall paintings that came to light during the penultimate repair of the church and were able to be secured are particularly attractive.
- Noteworthy are the Eltz graves , particularly artistically designed epitaphs by the couple Cuno von Eltz and Ella von Esch with two relief plates made of basalt lava and the marble grave of Nikolaus von Eltz and his wife Maria von Hoort, as well as a marble monument for their son Johann Wilhelm Antonius Bertramus Herr zu Eltz, Canon of Trier.
organ
The first organ of the famous Stumm family of organ builders was built in Münstermaifeld in 1722. It cost 600 Rhenish guilders . Today's instrument was made in 1864 by Ludwig Hünd from Linz / Rh. built into the housing from Stumm. The positive in the lower case was also replaced. She has the following disposition :
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Bells
- St. Martin's bell (or storm bell), cast on July 27, 1397 by Jan von Trier, weight 1750 kg, clay: Es, inscription: Tu rex gloriae, Christe, veni cum pace (You King of Glory, Christ, come with peace)
- so-called evening bell, cast in Hachenburg in 1446 , weight 500 kg, tone: As, inscription: Ave Maria gratia plena
- Marienglocke from 1466 also from a Hachenburg foundry, weight 1250 kg, tone: F, inscription: My name is Maria, I drive away all bad weather
Two bells weighing 750 kg and 350 kg respectively, cast in Neuwied in 1866, had to be delivered during the First World War . The supplementary bells that took their place in the 1920s had to be handed in again during World War II .
It was not until 1955 that the bell could be completed again:
- The Michael Bell, cast in 1955 in the Mabilon bell foundry in Saarburg, with a weight of 800 kg and a diameter of 1.11 m. Tone: Ges, inscription: For your protection we fulfilled our duty in a hard fight. Forget and not, we ask, do not forget us in prayer . On the edge of the bell is still the inscription: The parish of Münstermaifeld thanks its dead heroes in memory of the fallen of the Second World War.
- the Petrusbell, also cast in Saarburg in 1955, with a weight of 375 kg, tone: b, inscription: St. Petrus, we vow to you, in true love for and for: The old minster does not change, be faithful to be a Catholic face
The overall motif Es - F - Ges - Ab - b ( the dissonant semitone step ) has been present again since then.
- A little ginke bell, mentioned in many documents, hangs in a small, later built roof turret. Today it heralds the holy change. It was cast in Andernach in 1485.
Dimensions of the former collegiate church
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- Overall length: 51 m
- Clear width of the transept: 29 m
- Clear width of the longitudinal building: 22–24 m
- Clear height in the choir rectangle: 20 m
- Height of the west tower to the Kreuzspitze: 40 m
- Base area of the central tower of the westwork: 10 × 6 m
- Diameter of the round towers of the westwork: 4 m
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . Darmstadt 1985.
- Münstermaifelder Heimatbuch . 1st edition from 1960.
- Clemens Graf von Looz-Corswarem: The dioceses of the church province of Trier. The Archdiocese of Trier 12. The collegiate monastery St. Martin and St. Serverus zu Munstermaifelder . After preparatory work by Otto Graf von Looz-Corswarem. Germania Sacra, third episode 10., Berlin / Boston 2015.
Web links
- Brief construction history of the collegiate church on eifelreise.de (accessed on August 3, 2012)
Individual evidence
- ^ Wilhelm Lübke: Die Kunst des Mittelalters, p. 163, accessed on August 30, 2014
- ↑ Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 244, 1980, ISBN 3-88094-353-2
Coordinates: 50 ° 14 ′ 51.1 ″ N , 7 ° 21 ′ 45 ″ E