Problem bear

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bears living in the wild are known as problem bears if they exhibit behavior patterns that are undesirable to humans. Problem bears are regularly only an indirect threat to humans, but their behavior often causes considerable damage.

Geographical assignment

Germany

The expression "problem bear" came up in Germany in connection with the bear JJ1 ("Bruno"). In political contexts, the term was used as a synonym for JJ1, which the press and other groups took up and transferred to other contexts. The expression became popular and at times co-determining the day's events through a speech by the then Bavarian Prime Minister Edmund Stoiber at the end of May 2006, who justified the shooting approval of the bear JJ1 at a press conference. Here Stoiber distinguished between “normal bears” with expected behavior, “harmful bears” and “problem bears”, to which he counted JJ1. In the election for the word of the year 2006, the word reached seventh place. At the end of June 2006, the satirical magazine Titanic described SPD chairman Kurt Beck as a problem bear; the title page of the July issue showed Beck together with the headline “ Problem bear out of control: Pop the beast! ". Thereupon Beck obtained an injunction against Titanic-Verlag , with which the further distribution of the booklet should be prevented.

Austria

The term “problem bear” was used in Austrian media coverage in the 1990s due to incidents with bears in Lower Austria and Styria. The former presenter of the ORF television program “Inlandsreport”, Helmut Brandstätter, jokingly declared the word “problem bear” to be the “word of the year” in 1994.

North America

In North America, in addition to the term Problem Bears , the term Nuisance Bears ("annoying bears", "sturgeon bears") is used for problem bears.

80% of the deaths of grizzly bears in the Northern Rockies were human killings. Most of the time, it was either the predator management's removal due to the capture of cattle or collisions with vehicles . As omnivores , grizzly bears are known to roam around houses in search of food and even break into houses. In 2015, 12 of 59 grizzly bear deaths in Wyoming , Idaho and Montana were management-led animal removals that became problematic as a result of being rewarded by finding food and habituation . At least one bear had to be killed after killing a human.

Switzerland

According to the concept of bears developed by the Federal Office for the Environment in Switzerland, bears that live in the wild and show behavior that is problematic for humans, but whose severity does not justify shooting the animal down, are called problem bears . For the risk assessment , a problem bear stands above the inconspicuous bear , but still below the risk bear . The legal basis was Art. 10 Para. 6 JSV until 2012 , since then Art. 10bis number f JSV .

definition

According to the concept bear, a problem bear is a bear that is often in the vicinity of settlements in search of food, causing great damage to facilities and / or the landscape and often creating potentially dangerous situations for people due to a lack of fear of people.

Dealing with problem bears

Since the brown bear is one of the strictly protected species in all European countries, non-lethal measures must first be applied in the event of problematic behavior. If it is unsuccessful, the lethal removal of a specimen can only take place within the framework of the exceptions provided for in the Habitat Directive. The bear concept envisages that problem bears are captured, given a transmitter and scared off. Problem bears that show no growing fear of people despite repeated dismay and / or have attacked and injured a person are classified as risk bears and released for shooting .

Risk bears shot so far

In Switzerland, a risk bear was shot for the first time on April 14, 2008 in the canton of Graubünden . The shot bear JJ3 was a brother of the bear JJ1 shot in Bavaria in 2006 . Both bears probably learned their problematic behavior from their mother.

On February 19, 2013, the M13 bear was hunted in the canton of Graubünden, which shortly before had been the focus of media attention because a capital crime had been discovered when the damage it had caused by knocking down a tree was to be repaired.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Transcript of Stoiber's declaration with a link to the MP3 file on stoibaer.de, accessed on August 17, 2013.
  2. ↑ Spiegel Online: SPD sues "Titanic" , July 3, 2017.
  3. ↑ Bear Aware (British Columbia Department of the Environment (English), 2002) ( Memento of October 27, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Talking Points - “Nuisance” Bears. NoBearHuntNV.org, archived from the original on December 23, 2011 ; accessed on December 22, 2011 (English).
  5. ^ Katherine V. Wolley: A Policy Analysis of Large Carnivore Responses to Habitat Fragmentation and Human - Carnivore Conflicts in the High Divide University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar 2016, page 17, PDF page 18
  6. ↑ FOEN: Concept Bear - Management Plan for the Brown Bear in Switzerland , July 8, 2009, accessed on May 2, 2016.
  7. ↑ A concept for dealing with bears is available (DETEC - Department for the Environment, Transport, Energy and Communication) from July 25, 2006 ( Memento from August 27, 2006 in the Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ Bear Switzerland concept (PDF; 1.5 MB)
  9. ^ European Commission: Conservation Status of large Carnivores
  10. ^ European Commission: Environment Habitats Directive
  11. ↑ Habitats Directive: Composite European Commission Report on derogatons in 2007-2008 according to article 16 of directive 92/43 / EEC table on page 39, PDF on page 41
  12. ↑ European Commission: Status, management and distribution of large carnivores - bear, lynx, wolf & wolverine - in Europe December 2012, pages 17 and 24.
  13. ↑ Bear JJ3 shot on link-gr.ch.
  14. ↑ Canton of Graubünden: M13 risk bear (media release from the Graubünden Building, Transport and Forestry Department of February 20, 2013) ( Memento of February 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ).
  15. ↑ Die Welt: M13, the corpse and the collision with a train , accessed on February 20, 2013
  16. ↑ Swiss radio and television: Bär M13 was shot down. , accessed February 20, 2013.