Panicle knapweed
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Panicle knapweed ( Centaurea stoebe ) |
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The panicles Knapweed ( Centaurea stoebe ) is a plant that the family of the daisy family belongs (Asteraceae). It mostly occurs on dry meadows. Despite the similar trivial name, the panicle knapweed is not identical to the panicle knapweed .
features
The panicle knapweed grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of about 30 to 120 centimeters. It forms pinnate, linear leaves which, like the entire plant, are covered with small, white-gray shimmering hairs .
The individual flowers are in a paniculate, heaped head, which is ovoid. The five-nerved bracts have characteristic dark brown colored, frayed appendages, which, however, are often changeable. The petals are reddish-purple in color. The pollination is done by insects or self-pollination. The flowering period extends from June to August.
The achene fruit is only 3 to 5 mm long. The reduced pappus is usually no larger than 0.5 mm. The achenes have a Velcro effect and can, for example, stick to the fur of animals, but they are also spread by the wind.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18 or 36.
Occurrence
The distribution area of the panicle knapweed includes southern, central and eastern Europe as well as the Middle East. The panicle knapweed occurs preferentially on dry or semi-arid grasslands , in relatively nutrient-rich ruderal communities , on the edges of paths or dry, warm meadows. The plant has its main occurrence in the plant sociological class Festuco-Brometea, its main occurrence in the classes Sedo-Scleranthetea and Agropyretea intermedii-repentis and in the association Dauco-Melilotion. It is also the characteristic of the order Festucetalia valesiacae. In Germany, the plant can be found from absent-minded to moderately common outside of human settlement areas.
Systematics
To Centaurea stoebe L. has the following synonyms: Centaurea chaubardii Rchb. f. , Centaurea maculosa Lam. , Centaurea mierghii Jord. , Centaurea muretii Jord. , Centaurea pedemontana Jord. , Centaurea rhenana Boreau , Centaurea subalbida Jord.
One can distinguish the following subspecies:
- Centaurea stoebe subsp. australis (A. Kern.) Greuter (Syn .: Centaurea australis A. Kern. ): It occurs in southern, central and eastern Europe as well as in the Middle East.
- Centaurea stoebe subsp. serbica (Prodan) Ochsmann : It occurs in Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece.
- Centaurea stoebe subsp. bump
literature
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 972-973 .
- ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Centaurea stoebe In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Panicle knapweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Panicle knapweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Centaurea stoebe auct. helv. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 19, 2016.
- Thomas Meyer: Knapweed data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )