Johann Martin Fischer
Johann Martin Fischer (born November 2, 1740 in Bebele, formerly part of Hopfen am See , today the city of Füssen , ( Allgäu ); † April 27, 1820 in Vienna ) was a sculptor and developer of an anatomical model for nude studies .
Life
Fischer received his artistic education in Vienna from 1760, namely through Jakob Christoph Schletterer . In 1764, as an assistant to Franz Xaver Messerschmidt, he completed his figure of Maria Immaculata on the facade of the Savoy women's monastery and shortly afterwards the colossal marble statue of Gaius Mucius Scaevola in the garden of Schönbrunn Palace . The concern of creating objective prerequisites for sculpture led Fischer to long-term and extensive anatomy studies, in which he was supported by the then anatomy professor at the University of Vienna, Joseph Barth .
In 1785 he became a member of the Academy of Fine Arts, where he was deputy professor of sculpture. In 1786, at the suggestion of Barth, he succeeded the late Franz Anton von Zauner as professor of sculpture at the academy and in 1815 its director. Around 1799 he designed a crucifixion group in the Währing parish church .
His anatomy studies lead to the development of proportion theory and exemplary model sculptures, the so-called "muscle man". In 1803, a wooden skeleton and a life-size lead figure were created. In 1806 he published an illustrated work on the subject. Reductions by his "muscle man" served as teaching objects in various art academies. This exemplary anatomical nude figure was of great importance for sculpture lessons for a long time. Fischer's grave in the old Währing local cemetery has been preserved.
Works
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Explanation of the anatomical statue for artists . Vienna 1785
- Representation of the bone structure and muscles of the human body with details of the proportions of the same on 10 copper plates . 2nd newly revised edition, Vienna 1838
- Representation of the bone structure of the human body with indication of the proportions of the same . Vienna 1806 (with illustrations).
- Anatomical figure - Ecorché , lead-tin figure, 202 cm, Vienna 1803, GM-P-49, picture gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna ,
- Copies of the busts of Mars at rest and the Borghesian fencer , Vienna 1774, Schwarzenbergpark
literature
- Wilhelm Mrazek: Fischer, Johann Martin. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 192 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Kábdebo: Fischer, Johann Martin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, p. 79 f.
- Fisherman Johann Martin. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 1, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1957, p. 322.
- General Artist Lexicon Volume XL, 2004, p. 365
- Margarethe Poch-Kalous: Johann Martin Fischer: Vienna's sculptural representative of Josefinism . Vienna: Müller 1949
Individual evidence
- ↑ Picture gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna
- ↑ List of sights in Vienna Hernals (accessed on April 6, 2017)
Web links
- Biography in the Lichtenstein Museum ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fischer, Johann Martin |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian sculptor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 2, 1740 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hop on the lake , today Füssen |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 27, 1820 |
| Place of death | Vienna |