Unterwall Rüdigershagen
| Unterwall Rüdigershagen | ||
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.jpg) Burgplatz of the lower castle with moat |
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| Alternative name (s): | Lower castle Hagen | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg, moated castle | |
| Conservation status: | Burgstall, Wall and Graben | |
| Standing position : | Local nobility | |
| Place: | Rudigershagen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 20 '49.9 " N , 10 ° 26' 25.4" E | |
| Height: | 340 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Unterwall even lower castle called, is an Outbound medieval castle in Rüdigershagen in the municipality Niederorschel in the district Eichsfeld in Thuringia .
location
The former moated castle is located on the western outskirts of Rüdigershagen at the foot of the steep drop of the Dün on a small flat mountain ledge. Today's state road L1015 leads from Hüpstedt between Wallingsberg and Köhlerberg in a small valley cut serpentine around the village in the direction of Niederorschel .
history
The castle was located on a historic trunk road from Mühlhausen over the Dün to Duderstadt and northern Germany and was certainly used to monitor them. It was probably in direct relation to the nearby upper castle in Rüdigershagen, an exact allocation of historical evidence to the different castles is not always possible.
When it was built is not known exactly, probably in the 12th or at the beginning of the 13th century at the latest. Both castles were owned by the Dukes of Braunschweig in the 13th century . A Burchard von Bodungen was their castle man in Hagen in 1273 ( castellanus noster Indagine ). In 1288 a Gunter von Hagen and his son are named as the owners of the lower castle ( de indagine de inferiori castro ) and other lords as civis superioris castri in indagine in a document as witnesses. In 1300 an Eckardt Wolf was named as Castelanus de Indagine , which castle is not described, and Westernhagen Castle near Berlingerode was initially only named Hagen Castle.
The gentlemen of the Hagen had as the Castle Men imperial imperial castle Mulhouse until their destruction a castle seat. In 1311 Heinrich and Dietrich were lords of the lower castle and vowed to grant the city of Mühlhausen security and protection in the castles of Oberhagen and Unterhagen. The castles are probably pledged by the Dukes of Braunschweig. Both castles are said to have been destroyed by citizens of Mühlhausen in 1315. The lower castle was destroyed again in 1341, the brothers Heinrich and Theodor sign a treaty with the city of Mühlhausen on an eternal peace in 1352 because of the destruction of Hagen Castle. The von Hagen family finally settled in neighboring Deuna .
After that, probably only the lower castle was rebuilt, but archaeological finds can also be verified on the upper castle for the time thereafter. Heinrich and his son Rüdiger vom Hagen pledged both castle seats to the von Knorr family in 1376 . In 1544 Christoph vom Hagen redeemed the pledge and brought both castle seats back into the possession of the von Hagen family, but Heinrich von Knorr was allowed to keep his residence on the Unterwall until his death. During the peasant war the Unterwall is destroyed again.
The name Wall probably came about when the castles were abandoned. Due to the fact that the castles and the village of Rüdigershagen belong to the Duchy of Braunschweig and the later Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , it was not part of the historical Eichsfeld , old boundary stones on the boundary still bear witness to this today.
Whether there was another castle on the ridge of the Dün, the Schwarzburger Kopf, can neither be proven archaeologically nor documented in documents.
investment
The lower wall, also the lower house, is located on the western edge of the village on a flat mountain ridge. The round castle area has a diameter of about 30 meters and is secured with a neck moat . There is a moat in front of the castle, which is still partially filled with water today and indicates a former moated castle. In the southeast an equally large square is Vorburg indicated. Around 1900 there are still remnants of the wall of a round tower. The basic shape of the castle complex can still be seen today in the landscape.
Hagenscher Gutshof
In place of the Lower Castle, a manor was built around 1590 by Hans vom Hagen immediately north of the castle site . It consisted of a half-timbered manor house with several farm buildings and an adjoining manor mill. The estate of the Count von Hagen was expropriated in 1945 as part of the land reform. The manor house , which is listed as a monument, was demolished in 1984 shortly before a state visit; only individual parts of the building have been preserved.
literature
- Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : The desert areas of the Eichsfeld: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. O. Hendel, Göttingen 1903, pp. 522-524
- Paul Grimm and Wolfgang Timpel: The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Worbis district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte special edition, Worbis 1966, pp. 25–27, 61–62
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jena 2003
Web links
- Private website about Rüdigershagen
- Entry on Lower Castle in the private database "All Castles". Retrieved July 18, 2019.
- Entry on Hagensches manor in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved July 18, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information board of the Thuringian State Office for Archeology and Monument Preservation Weimar am Unterwall
- ^ Johann Wolf: Memories of the city of Worbis and its surroundings. Göttingen 1818, p. 78
- ^ Paul Grimm and Wolfgang Timpel: The prehistoric and early historical fortifications of the Worbis district. In: Eichsfelder Heimathefte special edition, Worbis 1966, p. 62
- ↑ Volker Große, Gunter Römer: Lost cultural sites in Eichsfeld 1945 to 1989 A documentation . Eichsfeld Verlag, Heilbad Heiligenstadt, 2006, page 147