Robert Eugen Gaupp

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Robert Eugen Gaupp (born October 3, 1870 in Neuenbürg , Württemberg ; † August 30, 1953 in Stuttgart ) was a German psychiatrist and neurologist .

Act

Robert Gaupp, the son of State Robert of Gaupp , explored in Heidelberg the dipsomania and received his doctorate in 1901 at Emil Kraepelin (a then-known teetotaler ). In 1903 he followed Kraepelin to Munich. From 1906 to 1936 Gaupp was a professor at the University of Tübingen and head of the University Psychiatric Clinic. One of his students was Ernst Kretschmer , who worked as an assistant at Gaupp from 1913, completed his habilitation with him in 1918 and then worked as a senior physician at the clinic. In 1909 Gaupp was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

As early as 1910, Gaupp was a member of the board of the Society for Racial Hygiene . During the First World War , which he described as cruel, he turned against the women's rights movement and warned in 1916 against the " emancipation epidemic of fanatical women". After studying so-called war neuroses in 1916, he later came to the conclusion that psychogenic illnesses can also show symptoms of gas poisoning, as occurred in the gas war during the First World War . During the Weimar Republic, Gaupp was a staunch advocate of forced racial sterilization. For example, in his 1925 book The Sterility of the Mentally and Morally Ill and Inferior, he wrote : "Without their sterilization, the eugenic idea of ​​purifying the whole people from their inferior elements can never be realized."

Lecture by Prof. Dr. Gaupp
“The struggle against the degeneration of our people from the doctor's point of view” on March 3, 1931 in the lecture hall of the Tübingen mental hospital

From 1931 Gaupp was a member of the board of trustees of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research . After the seizure of power of the Nazis , he published in 1934 the book The sources of degeneration of man and the people and the way of repentance . From 1945 to 1948 Gaupp was the department head for welfare and health in the city of Stuttgart. His most famous case was the mass murderer Ernst August Wagner .

Gaupp was a member of AV Igel Tübingen . His son was Robert Gaupp junior .

Robert Gaupp Staffel in Tübingen

A staircase leading from the old town of Tübingen to the psychiatric clinic was renamed in 1992 by the Tübingen municipal council from "Robert-Gaupp-Staffel" to "Jakob-van-Hoddis-Staffel". At the suggestion of a coordination meeting of the Tübingen handicapped groups and the association for the research into the local history of National Socialism , a majority in the municipal council of the university town of Tübingen found a majority in favor of the renaming, because Robert Gaupp had advocated the compulsory sterilization of mentally handicapped people in the 1920s and is regarded as a pioneer of the National Socialist racial doctrine . The poet Jakob van Hoddis was a patient in the Tübingen mental hospital during Gaupp's tenure from 1922 to 1927 and was murdered by the National Socialists in 1942.

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • Robert Gaupp: On the psychology of mass murder. Main teacher Wagner von Degerloch. A criminal psychological and psychiatric study together with an expert report by Geh. Medical Council Prof. Dr. R. Wollenberg. Berlin, Julius Springer, 1914 (from the series of types of criminals , edited by HW Gruhle and A. Wetzel, Volume I, Volume 3. This volume contains his expert opinion on criminal liability for the Heilbronn Regional Court.)
  • Robert Gaupp: War Neuroses. In: Journal of the Entire Neurology and Psychiatry. Volume 34, 1916, pp. 357-390.
  • The sterility of the spiritually and morally sick and inferior. Extended presentation, made at the annual meeting of the German Association for Psychiatry on September 3, 1925 in Kassel. Julius Springer Verlag, Berlin 1925
  • Robert Gaupp: From the poetic work of a mentally ill . In: Yearbook of Characterology, ed. by Emil Utitz , II. and III. Vintage; Gaupp on pp. 197-225. Pan-Verlag Rolf Heise, Berlin 1926
  • Robert Gaupp: The release of the destruction of life unworthy of life . In: Deutsche Strafrechtszeitung-Zeitung 7, 1920, H. 11/12, Sp. 332–337

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Second updated edition, Frankfurt am Main 2005, p. 175.
  2. ↑ Wolfgang U. Eckart : The hungry war. Injured souls , with e. Zsfass. in English, in: Heidelberg University: Ruperto Carola 4 (2014), pp. 76–83. The Hungry War 2014
  3. ↑ a b Quote from Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich , Fischer Taschenbuch 2005, p. 175.
  4. ^ Robert Gaupp: War neuroses. 1916, especially p. 379.
  5. ↑ Volker Hartmann: Medicine in the gas war. 100 years ago: Use of chlorine gas near Ypres. In: Military Medical Monthly. Volume 59, 2015, pp. 159–163, here in particular: p. 162.
  6. ↑ Reinhard Platzek: The psychiatric treatment according to Kaufmann - is it really medical torture? A reflection on the modern perception of electrosuggestive therapy. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 169–193, here: p. 171.
  7. ↑ Tübinger Zeitung of March 2, 1931 cited in information about fascism in Tübingen.
  8. ^ [1] City Chronicle 1992 (City of Tübingen)
personal data
SURNAME Gaupp, Robert Eugen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gaupp, Robert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist and neurologist
DATE OF BIRTH October 3, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Neuenbürg , Württemberg
DATE OF DEATH August 30, 1953
Place of death Stuttgart