Robert de Ros

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Coat of arms of Robert de Ros

Robert de Ros , Lord of Helmsley , also called Robert Fursan , (* around 1182; † before July 16, 1227) was an Anglo-Norman nobleman. He was one of 25 barons who in 1215 compliance with the provisions of the Magna Carta should monitor, and a leader of the rebels during the First War of the Barons .

Origin and heritage of his father

Robert de Ros was a son of the noble Everard de Ros († 1182/3) and Roese Trussebut († 1194), he had at least one brother named Peter . From his father he inherited estates in northern England, especially Roos in Holderness , from which the family took their name, Helmsley in Yorkshire and Wark in Northumberland . In 1191 Robert became his father's heir, for which he paid a fee of 1,000 marks , but ultimately it was not until around 1200 before he could take control of Wark. From his mother he inherited a third of the estates of the Trussebut family and the hereditary office of bailiff and castellan of Bonneville-sur-Touques in Lower Normandy , where his family also owned estates themselves. 1191 he was with Isabella, an illegitimate daughter of the Scottish king William I married. She was the widow of Robert (III) de Brus , the eldest but early deceased son of Robert (II) de Brus, Lord of Annandale .

Follower of Richard I and Johann Ohneland

After a skirmish between the troops of the French king Philip II and the English king Richard the Lionheart in France in 1196, Richard Ros surrendered the captured Hugues de Chaumont , a wealthy knight and close friend of the French king. Robert imprisoned him in his Bonneville castle, but his steward of the castle, Guillaume d'Épinay, allowed himself to be bribed and Chaumont escaped. The angry king ordered d'Épinay to be hanged and imposed a fine of 1200 marks on Ros. King Johann Ros later issued 275 marks from this punishment .

Immediately after his succession to the throne in April 1199, Johann Ros sent to his father-in-law King William of Scotland to arrange a meeting of the two kings for November 20, 1199, and at the end of 1200 he was part of one with his brother-in-law Eustace de Vesci and other barons Embassy to Scotland asking King William to take his feudal oath to John. Ros witnessed several royal documents in the next few years, especially in the north of England. He took part in several campaigns by the king and was presumably initially highly favored by the king, who allowed him to trade in wool and wine. During the Franco-English War he took part in the unsuccessful defense of Normandy, on October 7, 1203 he was again in Bonneville. Before February 22nd, 1204 he was back in England, that day he was in York .

Faltering allegiance to King John

Probably from 1205 his relationship with King Johann deteriorated. During the political tensions resulting from the failed campaign to France in 1205, the king ordered his possessions to be confiscated. This order was soon revoked, but the king demanded that Ros serve as a hostage. Perhaps because of this tense relationship, Ros considered embarking on a crusade . On February 28, 1206, the king allowed him to mortgage his lands for three years at the expense of a crusade, this permission was renewed on February 26, 1207. It is not known whether Ros actually took part in a crusade.

Ros probably let another prisoner named Thomas of Beckering escape, for which he was sentenced by the king on December 28, 1207 to pay a fine of 300 marks. On April 10, 1209 Johann sent him again with other barons as ambassadors to the Scottish king, and in 1210 Ros accompanied Johann on his campaign to Ireland.

At the beginning of 1212, Ros seems to have entered a monastery, because on May 15, King Johann entrusted Philip de Ulcot with the administration of his possessions. Ros cannot have stayed long at the monastery, however, because on January 30, 1213, the king made him Sheriff of Cumberland , and on February 25, he became a member of a commission investigating complaints about tax levies by royal officials in Lincoln and York . For his overlord William de Forz, Count of Aumale , he arranged safe conduct with the king so that he could be reconciled with the king and take over his inheritance in England. In 1213 Ros witnessed John's submission to the papal legate when the king offered his kingdom to the pope as a fief. Ros was named as one of twelve barons who should oversee the keeping of John's promises to the church. Ros remained sheriff of Cumberland until 1215, for which the king gave him three estates in Cumberland on April 10, 1215. Around the same time, the king ordered Justiciar Peter des Roches to see that Ros’s aunt would be elected abbess of Barking Abbey in place of a sister of the rebellious Baron Robert FitzWalters .

Opponent of King John

Ros long hesitated to join the rebels against the king, although his brother-in-law Eustace de Vesci was one of their leaders. He eventually joined the rebel army when they met the king on April 19 in Stamford . After completing the Magna Carta , he was elected in June 1215 to one of the 25 barons who were to oversee the king's compliance with the regulations. When the conflict between the king and the barons escalated into open war between the barons in September 1215 , Ros was one of the leading rebels. He served the rebels as administrators of Yorkshire and probably also of Northumberland . Because of his continued resistance, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV in January 1216 . After the king embarked on a successful campaign to northern England in early 1216, only two castles remained in the hands of the rebels, including the Carlisle Castle held by Ros . The king now expropriated Ros and handed over the conquered lands of Ros on January 27, 1216 to William de Forz, Count of Aumale. Ros has now been asked to hand over Carlisle Castle to the king, which he probably did. Despite subsequent negotiations, however, Ros did not submit to the king, but helped subjugate Yorkshire for the French Prince Ludwig, to whom the rebels had offered the English throne. Even after King John died in October 1216, Ros remained on the side of the rebels. His son William was captured at the Battle of Lincoln in May 1217. Only after the Peace of Lambeth in September 1217 did Ros submit to the new King Henry III. He got the majority of his lands back, but had to give up parts of his property first. Some areas in Cumberland were not actually given to him until 1225.

Robert de Ros began building Helmsley Castle into a stone castle

Later life and death

In 1220 there was a skirmish between some of Ros's henchmen and the Yorkshire Sheriff's bailiffs when they reclaimed property that Ros had appropriated during the Civil War. In February 1221 he was asked to besiege his castle Skipsea during the rebellion of William de Forz . In 1222 he complained to the king about attacks by the Scottish King Alexander II on English territory.

On February 11, 1225 he was again one of the witnesses to the recognition of the final version of the Magna Carta by Henry III. A little later he retired as a monk in a monastery and died in late 1226 or early 1227, on July 16, 1227 Archbishop Walter de Gray of York confirmed the foundations of his will. Whether Ros the Knights Templar has joined, is unclear, but he handed the Knights Templar goods from Ribston in Yorkshire and other possessions. Ros was buried in the Temple Church in London, whether a grave slab of a Knight Templar located there can be attributed to him, but is controversial. In Bolton , Northumberland, he founded a leper hospital . In addition, from around 1200 he began expanding his headquarters, Helmsley Castle, into a stone castle.

progeny

With his wife Isabella, Ros had at least two sons:

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ John T. Appleby: Johann "Ohneland". King of England. Riederer, Stuttgart 1965, p. 195
  2. ↑ Robin Griffith-Jones; David Park: The Temple Church in London. History, architecture, art. Boydell, Woodbridge 2010. ISBN 978-1-84383-498-4 , p. 114
  3. ^ Yorkshire's Castles: Helmsley Castle. Retrieved November 14, 2015 .
personal data
SURNAME Robert de Ros
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Robert Fursan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Anglo-Norman nobleman
DATE OF BIRTH around 1182
DATE OF DEATH between 1226 and July 16, 1227