Pipe marshmallow

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Pipe marshmallow
Molinia arundinacea.jpg

Pipe pipe grass ( Molinia arundinacea )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Genre : Pipe grass ( Molinia )
Type : Pipe marshmallow
Scientific name
Molinia arundinacea
closet

The tube pipes grass ( Molinia arundinacea ) is a plant from the genus of Molinia ( Molinia ) within the family of grasses (Poaceae). Other common names are large pipe grass or tall pipe grass .

description

illustration
Thickened stem base with top knot
Spikelets with glumes (Glu), hairy axis and several flowers with lemmas (Lem), palea (Pal) and female and male organs.
Pipe pipegrass in spring

Vegetative characteristics

The pipe pipe grass is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 100 to 200, rarely up to 250 centimeters. This grass forms large clumps through numerous renewal shoots that grow outside the lowest leaf sheaths . In the lower part of the stalk there are two to three knots that are close to one another and another 2 to 4 centimeters apart . The topmost stalk spans almost the entire length of the stalk and is leafless.

The leaf sheaths are bare. A thick lash line made of 0.5 millimeter long hair forms the ligule . The tough leaf blades are 40 to 60 centimeters long and 8 to 12, rarely up to 18 millimeters wide. The leaves turn bright orange-brown in autumn and are then visible from afar.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to September. The paniculate inflorescences are 30 to 60 centimeters long and are loose and spread out to the anthesis , with the side branches 8 to 20 centimeters long. The 6 to 9 millimeters long and mostly purple spikelets contain two to four flowers.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 90.

Occurrence

The reed pipe grass is widespread in Europe and is also found in the Caucasus.

In Germany, the pipe pipe grass occurs scattered in the southern part. It rises in the Black Forest to an altitude of 1280 meters and in the Alps up to 2000 meters. In the Allgäu Alps in Bavaria, it rises on the Höfats on the Falkenberg southwest slope above the Dietersbacher Alpe to around 1750 meters above sea level. In Austria it is distributed in all federal states from the colline to subalpine altitude .

As a location, alternatively moist to alternately dry , lean, base-rich and often calcareous, low -humus loam or impermeable silicate soils are preferred; but it also grows on gravel. It thrives in deciduous and coniferous forests, on forest edges, and often on steep slopes. Large areas of snow can slide off the depressed leaves of this species in winter (sliding slopes). The species often occurs in the Cirsio tuberosi-Molinietum arundinaceae, but also in societies of the Erico-Pinion, Mesobromion, Caricion ferrugineae, Quercion roboris or the order Origanetalia associations.

Systematics

Molinia arundinacea cupboard is sometimes considered a synonym of Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench , which means that both are considered as one species.

use

The pipe whistle grass is often grown in botanical gardens.

Cultivars

  • 'Karl Foerster' (very good autumn colors, up to 200 cm inflorescence height, wide leaves)
  • 'Windspiel' (yellow autumn color, straight upright, up to 250 cm high)
  • 'Transparent' (up to 180 cm inflorescence height, delicate growth)

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Hans Joachim Conert: Parey's grass book. Recognize and determine the grasses of Germany . Parey, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8263-3327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 231 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 177.

Web links

Commons : Pipe Pipe Grass ( Molinia arundinacea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files