Rosalia (saint)

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Depiction of St. Rosalia

Saint Rosalia , called “la Santuzza” (* around 1130 in Palermo , Sicily ; † September 4, 1166 there - these dates are fictional), was a virgin and hermit on Monte Pellegrino . She is venerated as a saint in the Roman Catholic Church .

Life

Access to the Santuario di Santa Rosalia on Monte Pellegrino
Hermitage kitchen in Santo Stefano Quisquina

There are no contemporary sources on the life of the saints; all vites were created after the relics had been transferred in order to be presented in the canonization process. The life dates mentioned are fictitious. As the oldest evidence of the cult of St. Rosalia is a document from Frederick II for the Cistercian monastery of S. Maria della Sambucina in Calabria from January 1199, in which a tenimentum […] quod dicitur Sancte Rosalie is confirmed. The corresponding entries in a certificate from Empress Konstanze from May 1196 are entered on a shave as a correction, so that the introduction of the cult in Calabria may have taken place in the meantime. Nothing can be gained from this about the biography of the saints.

According to one version of the Viten, Rosalia grew up as the daughter of Count Sinibaldi and his wife Quisquina at the Sicilian court. As a young girl she dedicated her life to God. The uprising of the Norman barons against King William I and his Grand Admiral Maio in 1160 forced Rosalia to leave the royal court because her father was executed for conspiracy and the family expropriated. Rosalia withdrew into solitude in a cave on Monte Pellegrino and died there six years later. Another version describes a stay in a grotto near Santo Stefano Quisquina . In support of this version, a forged inscription was placed in the grotto.

In iconography, Rosalia was sometimes depicted as a Greek nun. An Italo-Byzantine combination of saints can also be found on the oldest iconographic evidence from the 13th century. On one originally from the Martorana originating icon that now in the Diocesan Museum of Palermo is, is the focus of the holy Oliva , the former patron saint of Palermo, accompanied by the Saint Rosalia, Elijah and Venera .

Adoration

Two hermits living near their cave revived the cult of Rosalia in July 1625. The two claimed to have had an apparition to the saint that led them to the place where the relics were located. According to tradition, the body was not decomposed and wore a wreath of roses on its head. The transfer of the full-body relic to Palermo coincided with the end of a plague epidemic, which is why the saint is invoked against the plague .

The full body relic of St. Rosalia is located in the Cathedral of Palermo . The hermitage, the Santuario di Santa Rosalia on the pilgrims' hill , became a place of pilgrimage . The saint is one of the city ​​patrons of Palermo. She is depicted with her hair down, a wreath of white roses (both attributes of virginity), with a cross and a skull. Remembrance days are September 4th and in Sicily also July 15th (translation of the relics). On the feast of Saint Rosalia in Palermo, the reliquary is open to the public, and processions and fireworks take place on the streets of Palermo.

The silver-plated altar of St. Rosalia in the Cathedral of Palermo

The then Archbishop of Palermo, Giannettino Doria , commissioned the Jesuit Giordano Cascini to examine and authenticate the relics of St. Rosalia. Cascini then published a three-volume Vita di S. Rosalia , the first of the numerous publications on the saint. The process initiated by Doria led to the inclusion in the Roman general calendar by Pope Urban VIII on January 26, 1630 .

In addition, the writings of Pietro Antonio Tornamira and Vincenzo Auria after the mid-17th century are decisive for the image of the saint. Publications in Spanish appeared as early as the 17th century in Palermo, which belonged to the domain of the Spanish Crown. The first publications about the saint in German appeared in 1690 and 1722. Program documents on the festivals and the equipment of the festival carts in processions have been preserved since the late 17th century.

Patronage

swell

  • Original delli testimonij di Santa Rosalia: trascrizione del manoscritto 2 Qq E 89 della Biblioteca comunale di Palermo . A cura di Rosalia Claudia Giordano; Presentazione di Filippo Guttuso appendice iconografica a cura di Rosalba Guarneri Enea. Palermo: Biblioteca comunale 1997

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ Vida milagros y invencion del sagrado cuerpo de la real aguila panormitana Santa Rosalia […] Por el licenciado don Iuan Formento […] Palermo 1663
    Santa Rosalia, cuya vida prodigiosa escriuia Felix De Lucio Espinossa y Malo […] que consagra al nombre immortal y gloriosa fama de esta santa . En Palermo 1688
  2. ↑ Kurtze life description The h. Virgins Rosalia, hermit, not far from the city of Panormo in Sicilia, and pre-bitter to avert the pestilentz: First offt [...] printed in Padua near Catorino, and reprinted in the Prince. Stifft Kempten Announced in French by […] Mr. P. Johann Baptist Polacco, the Congregation deß Oratorii Priests […] Anjetzo but to a greater honor said Saint translated into German By RP Joachimo Steybuecher, Conventual, and Subprior to St Peter in Saltzburg . 1690 The life of the h. wonderful Jungfrawen Rosaliae: born out of royal blood, so Christo served her bridegroom in the wilderness, etc .; who is called upon as a strange patroness against the plague; anjetzo the god-betrothed youngsters from the Society of St. Ursulae for the spiritual new year . Cöllen: Fromart, 1722
  3. ↑ Breue relatione del carro trionfale eretto nella solennita dell'inuentione del corpo della gloriosa Santa Rosalia vergine palermitana in tributo della singolar protettione, con la quale e da lei giornalmenmt assistita la felice, e fedelissima citta di Palermo . L'anno 1694. In Palermo 1694

Web links

Commons : Saint Rosalia  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Rosalia
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rosalia Sinibaldi, La Santuzza
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Virgin, hermit, saint
DATE OF BIRTH around 1130
PLACE OF BIRTH Palermo , Sicily
DATE OF DEATH 4th September 1166
Place of death Sicily