Red-necked topaz hummingbird

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Red-necked topaz hummingbird
Crimson Topaz (Topaza pella) .jpg

Red-necked topaz hummingbird ( Topaza pella )

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Topazes (topazini)
Genre : Topaz Hummingbirds ( Topaza )
Type : Red-necked topaz hummingbird
Scientific name
Topaza pella
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The red-naped topaz hummingbird ( Topaza pella ) or topaz hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that covers about 1,600,000 square kilometers in the South American countries of Brazil , Suriname , French Guiana , Guyana, and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The male red-naped topaz hummingbird reaches a body length of about 19 to 19.5 cm, while the female is only about 13 to 13.5 cm tall. The thick, relatively short, curved beak becomes about 25 mm long. Both males and females weigh around 10 grams. Both sexes resemble the flame hummingbird ( Topaza pyra ). Only the red-brown outer control feathers and the white tufts on the legs differ in color from the flame hummingbird. The male's tail is particularly noticeable and magnificent and can be up to 6.5 cm long. The hood around the head is black-purple. The throat shimmers green and becomes a golden patch in the middle with a black purple border. The rest of the body is predominantly dark wine red and has a striking shine on the chest and stomach. The crissum is golden green. The wings are brown and maroon in the lower area. The feet of both sexes are yellow-brown. The female lacks the male's eye-catching tail. The top is shimmering green. The black wings become maroon in the lower area. The relatively large throat is covered by a copper-colored spot. The rest of the lower part glitters green. The tail is fanned out but has no elongated outer feathers like the male.

Habitat

You can usually see the hummingbird near black water rivers . There it moves relatively close to the ground, even if it occasionally visits the crown area of ​​the trees to forage. He likes to sit on tree stumps that protrude from the water or on overhangs near the water.

behavior

It prefers to feed on insects. It is seldom seen when hummingbirds search for nectar on flowers. To hunt, he either rushes from the branch to the prey, catches the insects floating above water or simply steals cobwebs.

Subspecies

So far, three subspecies of the red-naped topaz hummingbird are known.

  • Topaza pella pella ( Linnaeus , 1758)
  • Topaza pella microrhyncha Butler , 1926
  • Topaza pella smaragdulus ( Bosc , 1792)

The subspecies Topaza pella pampreta Oberholser , 1902 is usually considered a synonym for the flame hummingbird ( Topaza pyra ). Considerations to combine the red-necked topaz hummingbird and the flame hummingbird in one species have so far been rejected by the South American Classification Committee .

distribution

Distribution of the red-necked topaz hummingbird

The subspecies microrhyncha can be found in the northeast of the state of Pará in the eastern part of the Rio Tocantins and on the Ilha de Marajó . The subspecies pella occurs in the south of Venezuela, in the east of the state of Bolívar via Guinea to Amapá in the north of Brazil . The occurrence of smaragdulus extends from Brazil to French Guiana. Some authors think it is possible that the red-necked topaz hummingbird is also found in Colombia and Ecuador . However, the prevailing opinion is that these are specimens of Topaza pyra . Of the controversial subspecies pampreta , Messrs. Walter Goodfellow (1866-1953) and Claude Hamilton in 1899 only collected three specimens on the Suno, a tributary of the Río Napo in Ecuador. Recent research indicates that they were probably even collected in the Guyanas .

Etymology and history of research

Topaza pella painted by John Gould

Carl von Linné described the red-necked topaz hummingbird under the name Trochilus Pella . He named Suriname as the site . In 1840 the species was assigned to the new genus Topaza by George Robert Gray . This name is of Latin origin and is derived from "topazus" for "green, jasper green". The specific epithet »pella« is derived from the Latin »pellus« for »dark colored«. »Microrhyncha« is a Greek word made up of »mikron μικρὸν « for »small« and »rhámphos ράμφος « for »beak«. "Smaragdulus" is derived from the Latin "smaragdus" for " emerald ".

literature

  • Da-Shih Hu, Leo Joseph, David Agro: Distribution, Variation, and Taxonomy of Topaza Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) . In: Ornitologia Neotropical . tape 11 , no. 2 , 2000, pp. 123–142 ( online (PDF file; 343 kB) [accessed June 19, 2014]).
  • Steven Leon Hilty, William Leroy Brown : A guide to the birds of Colombia . Princeton University Press, Princeton 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 ( online [accessed June 10, 2014]).
  • Robert Sterling Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide: Field Guide . tape 2 . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7 .
  • Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil . Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
  • Harry Church Oberholser : Catalog of a collection of hummingbirds from Ecuador and Colombia . In: Proceedings of The United States National Museum . tape 24 , 1902, pp. 309–342 ( online [accessed June 18, 2014]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 10th edition. tape 1 . Imprensis Direct Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1758 ( online [accessed June 19, 2014]).
  • Arthur Lennox Butler: Mr. AL Butler exhibited some examples of Topaza pella which he had recently received from the neighborhood of Pará . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 46 , 1926, pp. 56-57 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed June 19, 2014]).
  • Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc: Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Grimpereau . In: Journal d'histoire naturelle . tape 1 , 1792, p. 385–386, Plate 20, Figure 5 ( online [accessed June 19, 2014]).
  • George Robert Gray: A list of the genera of birds: with their synonyma an indication of the typical species of each genus. Compiled from various sources . Richard and John E. Taylor, London 1840 ( online [accessed June 19, 2014]).

Web links

Commons : Red-naped Topaz Hummingbird  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Rolf Grantsau, p. 112f
  2. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  3. ↑ a b Carl von Linné, p. 119
  4. ↑ Arthur Lennox Butler, p. 56
  5. ↑ Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc, p. 385, plate 20, figure 5
  6. ^ Harry Church Oberholser, p. 321
  7. ↑ a b Da-Shih Hu et al., P. 133
  8. ↑ PROPOSAL (# 170) Lump Topaza pyra into Topaza pella ( Memento of the original from June 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.museum.lsu.edu
  9. ^ Steven Leon Hilty et al., P. 280
  10. ^ Robert Sterling Ridgely et al., P. 272
  11. ↑ George Robert Gray, p. 13
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 388
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 295
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 254
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 258