Edelborsdorfer

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Edelborsdorfer
Synonyms 'Edler Winterborsdorfer', 'Reinette Batarde', 'Reinette d'Allemagne', 'Leipziger Renette', 'Rubinapfel', 'Schwarzer Borsdorfer', 'Zigeunerapfel'
Edelborsdorfer
Art Cultivated apple ( Malus domestica )
group Renetten
origin Pforta Monastery (1175) / Meißen (1561)
known since 1175/1561
breeder Cistercians
ancestry

unknown

List of apple varieties

The Edelborsdorfer also Edler Winterborsdorfer , Reinette Batarde , Reinette d'Allemagne , Leipziger Renette , Rubinapfel , Schwarzer Borsdorfer , or Gypsy apple is the best-known representative of the Borsdorfer apple family and the oldest cultivated apple variety in Germany. He belongs to the Renette family and is a winter apple .

fruit

The small, spherical fruit is golden yellow, on the sunny side red and rusty. The flesh is yellowish-white, fine, juicy and spicy, slightly cinnamon-like. The chalice is open with a medium-deep pit. The stem is short and is located in a rusted stem cavity. It is ripe for picking from the second half of October and ripe for consumption from November. He stays in the camp until March.

tree

The tree is medium-strong, spherical with long, thin shoots that often hang down to the ground. It has a very long service life. The small to medium-sized leaves are round, shiny, somewhat leathery and resistant. The flowering is late and not sensitive to frost. It needs a warm climate and nutrient-rich, sufficiently moist soil.

ancestry

The Edelborsdorfer is the oldest documented apple variety in Germany and probably also in Europe. The Cistercians were instrumental in developing this variety, as was the French gray renette . The last trees were planted at the beginning of the twentieth century. Due to mistakes in the rice gardens, it was incorrectly increased in the 80s of the 20th century. However, the first mistake must have been 100 years ago, because German pomologists have established through a genetic test that this variety, originally called Edelborsdorfer , is actually Fromms Goldrenette . A few years ago, however, some trees of the original variety were rediscovered. The Edelborsdorfer is referred to in older books as the king of German apples.

Cistercian apple

Its first mention by the Cistercians is dated to around 1100, 1170 and 1175, respectively. From the mother monastery Cîteaux of the Cistercians near Dijon ( Burgundy ), the path of the apple can be traced back to the 12th century through the demonstrable founding of daughter monasteries via Morimond monastery (1115), Kamp monastery (1123), Walkenried monastery (1129) first to Pforta monastery ( 1132). The Edelborsdorfer may have been brought as noble rice from the French region of Bassigny near Morimond Monastery. In 1175, the abbot Florentinus had apple trees brought from the Pforta monastery to the daughter monastery Leuben in Silesia , which according to the pomologists' association is considered the first mention of the Edelborsdorfers. But it was not until 1177 that a significant grangie (storehouse, granary ) of the Pforta monastery in Porstendorf can be documented, where the Edelborsdorfer is said to have been ennobled by the Cistercians directly from southern travelers. It was not until 1239 that the Borsdorf apple was mentioned in connection with Porstendorf for its quality.

Apple from Pohrsdorf

Pohrsdorf's coat of arms with the Borsdorf apple tree in the official form from 1995

From Pforte, through the subsidiary founding of Altzella Monastery (1170) and from Porstendorf by the Meißner Bishop Bruno von Borstendorf, there is a connection to the Meißner Land, where the apple was grown and also came back to the mother monastery Pforte. Not far from Meissen was the beginning of the 13th century, the 1379 first documented village Pohrsdorf as a spin-off of the possessions of Bořivoj de Tharandt , a vassal of the Margrave of Meissen , from the hallway Grumbach as Boriwois village later Pohrsdorf . In the Tharandt forest , the Borsdorf apple is said to have been grown in the 13th century and to have reached Bohemia via the already mentioned pilgrimage and trade routes and directly to the markets of Freiberg and Meißen for sale in the 15th century . For example, the Borsdorf apple is called Marschansker or Maschanzker in southern Germany and Austria , because it was called Meißnischer Apfel in Bohemia and Moravia (Czech: míšenské jablko). Marschansker is said to have originated from a corruption of the Slavic word Misenaha for Meissen.

Since it is not known when the Borsdorf apple got its name, it is quite possible that this happened after a place in the then main apple growing area around Meißen, which was then really called Borsdorf and has had the apple tree in the local coat of arms for centuries, today's Pohrsdorf .

Peter Albinus Meißnischer Land- und Berg-Chronika from 1589 supports this thesis with the words: But special things from the old common fruits are praised for others the Borsdorf apples so around the city Maysen and the same to grow in the mountains and then from the village Borsdorff in the same refir name. Which because of their goodness the German Pomerantzen are called in the proverb. What they are especially useful for can be learned from the Medicis, of whom, on the one hand, I heard this, that it is used against the Melancholian.

Places that are also named as the namesake for the Borsdorf apple

The origin of the place is a farmyard (Granie) of the Cistercian monastery Pforta with church and mill, which was built parallel to the estate of the knights of Borstendorf and Borsendorf, which was first mentioned in 1177. In connection with the place, the Borsdorf apple was first mentioned in 1239.

Community of Celtic origin, which was first mentioned in 1207 as Barstorp (in the sense of bar, merely, isolated village). Only a fruit and horticultural association founded there in 1893 and reactivated in 1983 also mentions the Borsdorf apple in relation to the place.

The place is only mentioned in a document on July 28, 1267 in the files of the Merseburg Cathedral monastery as Borsdorph and only today has an apple tree in the local coat of arms. The connection to the Cistercians and the Borsdorf apple is due, among other things, to a mix-up with the former farmyard of the Pforte monastery in today's Porstendorf near Dornburg / Saale.

The place is mentioned for the first time in 1280 and until 1945 belonged to the largest German language island on the border of Bohemia and Moravia in the Schönhengstgau . It could be identical to the place Borsdorf in Bohemia, which is often associated with the Borsdorf apple . In 1267 the Mährisch Trübau founded by Boresch V. von Riesenburg and Beschau had German town rights. From the Osek monastery on the land of the Riesenburg ancestral castle, there is also a connection to the Cistercian monastery Kamp via the monasteries in Waldsassen and Volkenroda .

literature

  • JC Schiller: Arboriculture on a large scale , Neustrelitz 1795.
  • Pierer's Universal Lexikon , Volume 3. Altenburg 1857, pp. 104-105.
  • Author collective: Meyers Konversationslexikon , Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig and Vienna, 4th edition, 1885-1892, 1st volume, A - Atlantiden.
  • Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon , 5th edition, Volume 1, Leipzig 1911, p. 244.
  • Author collective: Brockhaus' Konversationslexikon , FA Brockhaus in Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna, 14th edition, 1894–1896.
  • H. Fischer: Medieval botany , Munich 1929.
  • Grimm: German Dictionary , Vol. 2, keyword: Borsdorferapfel.
  • Lexicon for Theology and Church , Vol. 7, keyword: Morimond, Freiburg 1962.
  • A. Schneider: Die Cisterzienser , in: Geschichte, Geist, Kunst , 1972.
  • D. Hennebo: Gardens of the Middle Ages , Munich and Zurich 1987.
  • A. Sternschulte u. M. Scholz: Fruit in Westphalia , Münster-Hiltrup 1990.
  • Sydow von Linden (ed.): Die Zisterzienser , Becking, Stuttgart-Zurich 1991.
  • K. Aigner: Apples and Pears , Munich 1993.
  • Holger Jakobi: Cistercians on the A 14 - monastery at the wayside (part 1) , in: Day of the Lord , 48th year, 29/1998, service.
  • Maria Hornung: Dictionary of Viennese Dialect , 2nd ed., Vienna 2002.
  • Roland Hanusch: Borsdorfer Äpfel - German bitter oranges for the mountain region , in Erzgebirgische Heimatblätte , 5/2004.
  • Jörg Stock: Digging for the young , in: Sächsische Zeitung , Freital edition, March 29, 2008.
  • Reinhard Lämmel: The apple doesn't come from Pohrsdorf , in: Sächsische Zeitung , Freital edition, July 15, 2009.
  • André Kaiser: How did the Borsdorf apple come to Pohrsdorf , in: Around the Tharandt Forest , Official Gazette of the City of Tharandt, September 1, 2009
  • Lars-Arne Dannenberg / Vincenz Kaiser: Wilsdruff in the High Middle Ages. Considerations on the settlement of the Wilsdruffer Land and the development of the city with special consideration of the Jakobikirche , in: New Archive for Saxon History , 80th Volume (2009), Verlagdruckerei Schmidt, ISBN 978-3-87707-769-6
  • Verena Weiß: Fertile Pohrsdorf , in: Sächsische Zeitung , Freital edition, November 6, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Edelborsdorfer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence