Rudolf Allers

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Rudolf Allers (born January 13, 1883 in Vienna ; † December 14, 1963 in Hyattsville , Maryland , born as Rudolf Abeles) was an Austrian-American psychiatrist and philosopher who studied the philosophical foundations of medicine and medical psychology, scholasticism and dealt with psychotherapeutic directions. As a representative of an existentialist psychiatry, Allers refers in his writings to thinkers of the phenomenological tradition since Edmund Husserl , including for exampleViktor E. Frankl , Jean-Paul Sartre , Max Scheler , Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty .

Life

Rudolf Abeles was born on January 13, 1883 in Vienna to Jewish parents. After completing his medical studies (1906) at the University of Vienna with the Dr. med. he changed his surname to Allers in 1907. In November 1908, she married Carola Meitner (1886–1952), a younger sister of the physicist Lise Meitner, who had converted to Catholicism in the same year . In connection with his marriage, he also converted to Catholicism. Their son Ulrich was born in 1920.

In 1913 he completed his habilitation in Munich with Emil Kraepelin in the field of psychiatry. During the First World War he served as a surgeon in the Austro-Hungarian army.

After the war he worked as a lecturer at the Institute for Physiology at the Medical Faculty in Vienna . During this time he became friends with the later theologian Hans Urs von Balthasar . In 1934 he finished his studies in philosophy at the University of Milan with the Dr. phil. Persecuted by the National Socialists because of his Jewish origins, Allers was removed from office in April 1938 and subsequently emigrated to the United States . There he continued his academic work as a professor of philosophy and psychology at the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC . He died on December 14, 1963 in Hyattsville .

Fonts (selection)

  • About psychoanalysis. Introductory lecture with subsequent discussion in the Association for Applied Psychopathology and Psychology in Vienna , Berlin: S. Karger 1922.
  • The becoming of the moral person. Essence and Education of Character , 1929
  • The Vienna Medical School. Heimat-Verlag, Brixlegg 1938 ( Austrian Library Vol. 10 / 3A)
  • Self Improvement , London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1939.
  • The successful error. A Critical Study of Freudian Psychoanalysis , New York: Sheed & Ward, 1940.
  • Psychiatry and the Role of Personal Belief , in: Braceland FJ (ed.), Faith, Reason and Modern Psychiatry. Sources for a Synthesis , New York: PJ Kennedy & Sons 1955, 31-62.
  • Existentialism and Psychiatry: Four Lectures , Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 1961.
  • The Philosophical Work of Rudolf Allers: A Selection, ed. v. JA Mann, Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1965.
  • Abnormal worlds. A phenomenological attempt at psychiatry. Ed. Commented and introduced by Alexander Batthyány. Weinheim / Basel: Beltz, 2008.
  • Work and play. Collected papers on the Philosophy of Psychology (1938-1963) . Edited & with an Introduction by Alexander Batthyány, Jorge Olaechea Catter & Andrew Tallon. Marquette Studies in Philosophy 64, 2009.

literature

  • R. Kühn: Rudolf Allers: Trailblazer for understanding conscience as a "sense organ" , in: The child as a person. Development and education from an existential analytical point of view. Conference report of the Society for Logotherapy and Existential Analysis in Düsseldorf 1989 , Vienna: GLE, 94–126.
  • J. Collins: The Work of Rudolf Allers , in: The New Scholasticism , Vol. 38, (1964), 281-309.
  • VE Frankl: Rudolf Allers as a philosopher and psychiatrist , in: Yearbook for Psychology and Psychotherapy , Vol. 11, (1963), 187-192.
  • Clara Kenner: Rudolf Allers . In: Der zerrissene Himmel - Emigration and Exis of the Viennese Individual Psychology. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2007, ISBN 9783525453209 , pp. 71-74.
  • Alfred Lévy: Rudolf Allers - A Catholic individual psychologist . In: Lévy / Mackenthun: Gestalten around Alfred Adler - pioneers of individual psychology . Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2002, pp. 27–36, ISBN 3-8260-2156-8
  • Katharina Kniefacz: Rudolf Allers, b. Abeles. In: University of Vienna (ed.): Memorial book for the victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna in 1938 . ( online , accessed August 3, 2015).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Manfred Lochbrunner, Hans Urs von Balthasar - the biography of a century theologian, real 2020, ISBN 978-3-429-05457-1
personal data
SURNAME Allers, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-American psychiatrist and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH January 13, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH December 14, 1963
Place of death Hyattsville