Rudolf Rochga

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In the forge, relief by Rudolf Rochga on the old building of the Stuttgart Art Academy, around 1930.

Rudolf Rochga (born November 22, 1875 in Teterow , † January 24, 1957 in Murrhardt ) was a German decorative painter and craftsman. From 1903 to 1938 he was a teacher at the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts . His master works and silver work belong to the Art Nouveau style. His sober interior furnishings anticipated Bauhaus principles.

Rochga is one of the almost forgotten Stuttgart artists of the 20th century. The relief frieze on the old building of the Art Academy in Stuttgart is his only artistic legacy with a public impact.

Life

Rudolf Rochga was born on November 22nd, 1875 in Teterow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the son of a businessman. From 1894 to 1897 he studied at the Royal Trade School in Berlin . From 1898 to 1900 he studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich under Franz von Stuck . Around 1899 he joined the reform-oriented United Workshops for Art in Crafts in Munich. The co-founder of the United Workshops and later director of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts, Bernhard Pankok , was one of them, along with Bruno Paul, Richard Riemerschmid, Peter Behrens, Theo Schmuz-Baudiß, Paul Schultze-Naumburg, Hermann Obrist, August Endell, Eugen Berner, Rudolf Rochga and Paul Haustein Avant-garde style movement in Munich.

In 1902, Rochga attended the newly founded teaching and experimental workshop of the Royal School of Applied Arts in Stuttgart for one semester. Pankok was one of the two managers of the workshop and from 1903 its sole manager. In 1903 Rochga was appointed to the workshop as an assistant teacher for drawing and painting from natural objects. After a call to Magdeburg was turned down, he was appointed professor for surface art and head of the department for surface art in 1905, which, according to his own words, he later expanded "after moving to the new building of the arts and crafts school ... into a department for decorative painting". In the course of development, this department, which was housed in a spacious area in the area of ​​today's “painters' hall” (old academy building) and which, in keeping with the school's objectives, maintained lively relationships with professional practice, included specialist teachers and artistic assistants. For example, between 1904 and 1910, Pankok and Rochga together held five master classes for decorative painters. The best works were exhibited in the Landesgewerbemuseum .

The teaching and experimental workshop was located in the former penitentiary at Senefelderstrasse 45 until 1913, where Rochga also lived until at least 1913. After the construction of the new building of the arts and crafts school on the Weißenhof ("old building"), the school and workshop were combined spatially and organizationally in 1913 under the management of Pankok. Both institutes enjoyed a significant upswing under his leadership.

In the years 1901 to 1914 Rochga took part in several national and international exhibitions. In 1907 he joined the German Werkbund as a founding member . Evidence from the years 1920, 1927 and 1930/31 is available about Rochga's work as an artist and teacher after the First World War.

During the Nazi era, the 62-year-old Rochga was retired before reaching the age limit "for health reasons", possibly because of political displeasure like other professors at the arts and crafts school. Rudolf Rochga died on January 24, 1957 at the age of 81 in Murrhardt , the hometown of his pupil Reinhold Nägele .

plant

A part of Rochga's work, especially his model works and silver work, belong to the Art Nouveau style. With his no-frills, matter-of-fact, sober designs for furniture and interior fittings, he anticipated the principles of the Bauhaus.

From 1901 Rochga created numerous arts and crafts works, partly in collaboration with the United Workshops for Art in Crafts in Munich and with the silver goods factory Peter Bruckmann & Sons in Heilbronn. He designed wall decorations, carpets, pillows, desk accessories, silverware and interior fittings for kitchens, living rooms, ship cabins and train compartments. Alone and with his colleague Paul Haustein, he published a number of templates for fabrics and wall decorations. The authors or Rochga's students provided the templates.

  • In 1901 Rochga designed the stage curtain for the interim theater in Stuttgart.
  • In 1901/1902 Rochga designed, among other things, wall decorations, textiles, leather writing cases and desk utensils for the United Workshops.
  • In 1902/1903 Rochga designed various silverware for the Peter Bruckmann & Söhne silverware factory, including bowls, candlesticks, coffee and tea sets, a wine jug with mugs, liqueur jugs, punch bowls and table baskets.
  • Rochga created kitchen and living room furnishings in the first decade of the 20th century.
  • In 1908 he designed the smoking cabin for the “ Friedrichshafen ” liner, and in 1913 the women's cabin for the “ Hohentwiel ”.
  • In 1910 Rochga designed the furnishings for rooms V and W in the Museum of Fine Arts, which later became the State Gallery (not preserved).
  • In 1914 he designed the furnishings for 1st and 2nd class railway compartments, which were shown at the Werkbund exhibition in Cologne.
  • Around 1930 the relief frieze on the old building of the Stuttgart Art Academy was made according to Rochga's designs (see cover picture).

Exhibitions

Memberships

Master works

  • Rudolf Rochga; Paul Haustein: Étoffes Modernes. G. D'Hostingue & R. Blum, Paris around 1900, pdf . - 24 color panels with fabric samples, 12 panels each by Rochga and Haustein.
  • Rudolf Rochga; Paul Haustein: Shape and color in surface decoration. Julius Hoffmann, Stuttgart 1901.
  • Max Joseph Gradl (editor): Colorful glazing. With contributions from R. Beruclair, GM Ellwood, P. Lang, R. Geyling, J. Goller, R. Bacard, A. Waldraff, R. Rochga. Stuttgart 1905. - Plate 9: Design by Rudolf Rochga.
  • Rudolf Rochga (editor); Hugo Matthäs (editor): Decorations for interior and exterior architecture. 34 colored panels for decorative painters and architects. Designed under the direction of Rudolf Rochga. Steinkopf, Stuttgart 1907. - Works by Rochga's students.

literature

  • Julius Baum: The Stuttgart Art of the Present. Stuttgart 1913, pp. 280-281, 17, 96, 167, 271, 272, 277, 288.
  • Official catalog of the Third German Applied Arts Exhibition in Dresden 1906. Wilhelm Baensch, Dresden 1906, pages 48–49, pdf .
  • Willy Oskar Dressler (editor): Dressler's art manual: Volume 2, Fine arts: the book of living German artists, antiquarians, art scholars and art writers. Volume 9. Wasmuth, Berlin 1930, p. 824.
  • Otto Grautopf: Forays into architecture and applied arts in Munich. In: The art. Monthly books for free and applied arts, Volume 10, 1904, pages 117–120, 112, 116, pdf .
  • Hans Klaiber (editing and text); Birgit Hahn-Woernle (catalog); Hans Klaiber (catalog): Bernhard Pankok: 1872–1943; Arts and crafts, painting, graphics, architecture, stage equipment. Exhibition by the Württembergisches Landesmuseum, Stuttgart, Altes Schloß, May 24th - July 29th 1973. Cantz, Stuttgart 1973.
  • Julia Müller: The sculptor Fritz von Graevenitz and the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart between 1933 and 1945: Fine arts as a symptom and symbol of their time. Steiner, Stuttgart 2012, p. 131.
  • Heide Marie Roeder: Paul Haustein (1880–1944): a mediator of the German reform movement; Work and material. 1. Life and work. Stuttgart 1989.

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Rochga  - Collection of Images

Footnotes

  1. ^ Yearbook of Fine Arts, Volume 2, 1903, Column 212, pdf . - According to the register of the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, Rochga enrolled in the winter semester of 1899.
  2. ↑ #Roeder 1989 , page 27th
  3. ↑ #Klaiber 1973 , page 64.
  4. ^ Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1902–1903, page 27.
  5. ↑ Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1902–1903, pages 20, 21.
  6. ↑ Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1904–1906, pages 46, 49, 56.
  7. ↑ Werner Büddemann (Ed.): Guide through the Württ. Staatl. Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1930–31. Stuttgart: Academic Publishing House Dr. Fritz Wedekind & Co., n.d. 1932, p. 21.
  8. ^ Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1904–1906, pages 50, 56, Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1906 / 1907–1909 / 1910, pages 17, 22.
  9. ↑ #Roeder 1989 , page 332nd
  10. ↑ #Roeder 1989 , p. 33.
  11. ↑ From the workshops of the Württemberg State School of Applied Arts: first issue. Stuttgart: Verlag Hugo Matthäs, 1920, illus. P. 7–12 (student work, mostly from competitions).
  12. ^ Württembergische Staatliche Kunstgewerbeschule Stuttgart (Ed.): Activity report for the years 1924–1927. Stuttgart: Hoffmannsche Buchdruckerei Felix Krais Druck, 1928, pp. 24–26 (detailed text about teaching, experimentation and consulting, work carried out, courses).
  13. ↑ Werner Büddemann (Ed.): Guide through the Württ. Staatl. Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1930–31. Stuttgart: Academic Publishing House Dr. Fritz Wedekind & Co., o. J. 1932, pp. 20-23 (more detailed, signed with "R.", therefore written by Rochga himself and in particular also naming the work carried out under his direction in the decorative painting department).
  14. ↑ # Müller 2012
  15. ↑ Annual report of the Stuttgart School of Applied Arts 1900–1901, page 23.
  16. ↑ Steamship. In: Seeblatt, Tag- und Anzeigeeblatt der Stadtgemeinde Friedrichshafen, No. 93, April 23, 1913.
  17. ↑ # Roeder 1989 , pp. 212-215.
  18. ↑ Kunstgewerbeblatt, New Series Volume 13, 1902, page 68.
  19. ↑ Kunstgewerbeblatt, New Series Volume 13, 1902, page 79.
  20. ↑ German Art and Decoration, Volume 11, 1902, pages 45, 63, communications from the Württembergischer Kunstgewerbeverein, 1902–1903, page 281.
  21. ↑ Kunstgewerbeblatt, New Series, Volume 17, 1906, page 10.
  22. ↑ Die Rheinlande, Volume 12, 1906, page 64, Kunstgewerbeblatt, New Series Volume 17, 1906, page 189.
  23. ↑ Kunstgewerbeblatt, New Series Volume 17, 1906, page 211.
  24. ↑ The Rhineland, Volume 24, 1914, page 278.
  25. ↑ #Roeder 1989 , pp. 22-24.
personal data
SURNAME Rochga, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German decorative painter and craftsman
DATE OF BIRTH November 22, 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Teterow
DATE OF DEATH January 24, 1957
Place of death Murrhardt