Hohentwiel (ship)
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The Austrian steamship Hohentwiel is a paddle wheel steamer on Lake Constance . She is the only steamship still in operation and at the same time the oldest still operating passenger ship on Lake Constance. It operates in charter operations on the Obersee and Überlinger See . The Hohentwiel is in the Austrian Hard near Bregenz .
history
The Hohentwiel ran in 1913 in Friedrichshafen from the stack . It is named after the local mountain of the town of Singen im Hegau , the Hohentwiel , which is located near Lake Constance and was then a Württemberg exclave in Baden. Because it was occasionally used for representative events by the last King of Württemberg Wilhelm II until 1918 , it is also referred to as the “former state yacht ”. In 1962 it was retired and converted into a club house with a restaurant. It was saved from scrapping in the early 1980s and restoration was completed in 1990. Thanks to the quite successful renovation work, the ship has a Germanischer Lloyd classification .
Its owners were:
- 1913–1919: Royal Württemberg State Railways (KWSt.E.)
- 1920–1945: Deutsche Reichsbahn
- 1945–1952: General Directorate of the Southwest German Railways
- 1952–1962: Deutsche Bundesbahn
- 1963–1984: Bregenz sailing club
The Internationales Bodensee-Schifffahrtsmuseum e. V. Owner of the ship.
First commissioning
From 1911, the senior building officer of the Royal Württemberg State Railroad (KWSt.E.) Eugen Kittel designed the Hohentwiel as a half saloon steamer ; it was built in 1913 as the KWSt.E.'s last own steamship . put into service.
The Swiss shipyard Escher Wyss & Cie. built the Hohentwiel , like most of the ground sea steamships , in Zurich .
The parts were manufactured there, then transported by train to Friedrichshafen and assembled at the shipyard . The construction cost 375,000 marks . On July 8, 1913, Ferdinand von Zeppelin celebrated his 75th birthday on the Hohentwiel. Soon after its commissioning, the new steamship was used in the Obersee longitudinal traffic between Constance and Bregenz .
The First World War , which began in 1914, had little impact on German shipping on Lake Constance. The course traffic was thinned out, but maintained until October 1919. From April 1920 the entire Obersee course could be used again. In the same year, the ships of the former Württemberg, Baden and Bavarian state railways were taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn .
1920-1952
In the 1920s, passenger traffic quickly increased again and there was a change from the commercial fleet to the pleasure fleet. Shipping was no longer dominated by commuters, schoolchildren or freight traffic, but rather the excursion traffic of holiday guests and weekend visitors. For this purpose, passenger ships with ever larger passenger capacities were required. In the winter of 1932/1933 the Hohentwiel was rebuilt in the Bodan shipyard in Kressbronn on Lake Constance . A saloon was set up on the forecastle , which was previously open to goods traffic . Another small saloon was built on the upper deck and the wheelhouse came one deck higher, where a wide navigating bridge was added. The original furnishings from 1913, designed by the Stuttgart artist Bernhard Pankok , fell victim to this renovation . At the same time, as with other steamers (e.g. Lindau and Stadt Meersburg ), lateral stability beads were attached to improve buoyancy. One of the main consequences of these modifications (displacement, draft) was that 850 passengers were now admitted, ie 150 passengers more than before.
Until the beginning of the Second World War , the Hohentwiel was used without restriction in course traffic. During the Second World War, she continued to be used on the few ships that were still available from Friedrichshafen. The night of bombing, in which Friedrichshafen sank to rubble and ashes in March 1944 and several ships were destroyed (including her sister ship Friedrichshafen ), spared the Hohentwiel . It could be held back in Constance in good time before leaving for the course trip to Friedrichshafen.
At the end of the war there was only one steamship left in Friedrichshafen, the Hohentwiel . Another steamship, the Lindau (at that time it was temporarily called Hoyerberg ), was moved to Friedrichshafen later .
1952-1962
At the beginning of the 1950s, the Hohentwiel took part in the legendary races for the Blue Ribbon of Lake Constance . In 1950 and 1954, the ship came second behind the favored ships Austria and City of Überlingen .
Using the example of the Hohentwiel , the nine-man crew of a Lake Constance steamship, which was common in the 1950s, will be shown. Deck staff : captain , (head) helmsman , three sailors and auxiliary sailors , ship cashier. Machine personnel : (head) machinist , two ship heaters . Then there was the kitchen staff , mostly a cook, kitchen help, two waitresses. (Compare the crew of the large motor ship Schwaben and the smaller motor ship Überlingen , formerly Höri).
Then began the death of steamers in Lake Constance, which did not stop at the Hohentwiel . In 1960 the Hohentwiel was relocated to Constance as a replacement for the decommissioned ship Stadt Meersburg . It escaped scrapping in 1961 because the replacement ship Munich was delivered late due to an explosion at the Bodan shipyard in Kressbronn. The Hohentwiel was retired with a defective steam inlet valve on the high-pressure cylinder on November 1, 1962, after the new Munich had been put into service.
1963–1984: Club home
The Bregenz sailing club, which was looking for a club house, bought the Hohentwiel in 1963 for 10,000 DM and saved it from the threat of scrapping. The last steamship was the ship for 20 years (1964–1984) as a floating club home in the Bregenz sailing harbor.
From 1984: Re-commissioning
In 1984 the Association Internationales Bodensee-Schifffahrtsmuseum eV acquired the steamer, which was in an extremely desolate condition. The association achieved through donations and the commitment of numerous association members and volunteers to restore the Hohentwiel to the state of 1913, combining the most modern technology and historical material. The renewed maiden voyage was on May 17, 1990.
The ship is owned by the Internationales Bodensee-Schifffahrtsmuseum eV based in Bregenz. It has almost 2,000 members from Austria, Germany and Switzerland. The aim of the association is to preserve the Hohentwiel through maintenance and insurance.
The operator and owner of the concession to operate the ship is the Hohentwiel Schifffahrtsgesellschaft mbH (HSG), in which the association holds 25% and the municipality of Hard, as home port, has a 75% stake. The HSG is responsible for the operation and management of the ship and pays rent to the Internationale Bodensee-Schifffahrtsmuseum e. V.
Today's operation
Home port Hard
Since May 17, 1990, the steamship Hohentwiel , from the new home port Hard ( Austria ) ( Lage ), has been in use again on Lake Constance. Hard is four kilometers southwest of Bregenz on the L 202 in the direction of St. Margareten. The ship is moored from the center of Hard in Hafenstrasse 15 (the extended Kohlplatzstrasse) and has its own jetty. Around 170 seats are available in the rooms below deck and around 130 seats on the outside deck under awnings. However, it is no longer fired with hard coal as it was between 1913 and 1962, but has been fired with low-sulfur light heating oil since 1990, in favor of the environment and economy.
Round trips
In small and large round trips from various ports of Lake Constance , on special themed trips with a program and also on pure charter trips, you can experience the trip with the last paddle steamer on Lake Constance today. The space is generous because the number of passengers is usually limited to half of the permitted passengers. Instead of the highest possible speed, a significantly lower speed of only about five to six knots (10 km / h) is driven, which gives a good view of the nearby bank. Most trips are offered from May to September; traffic is idle from November to March.
Ambience and passenger areas
Dark teak, shiny brass, the ship's bell, the steam engine, the red paddle wheels and the wooden lifeboat create a special ambience. When entering from the side from the landing stage to the ship, you first come to the salon-like middle section. From there you can see the pistons of the machine and, behind the glass, the side paddle wheels. This room with a galley on the side has a clear view to the front. A few steps go down to the bar-like room in the front part of the ship. The natural light falls through the portholes, which are installed above a man's height. The view to the outside is therefore limited. There are a few steps down to the rear part of the salon. There the seating is spacious and the view to the outside is unobstructed. The open-air decks with sun protection tarpaulins are located above the saloon rooms.
Technical specifications
- Overall length: 56.84 meters
- Width overall: 13 meters
- Maximum draft: 1.60 meters
- Displacement: 365 tons
- Drive: steam engine
- Execution: inclined double-acting superheated steam two-cylinder compound expansion machine with condensation
- Year of construction steam engine: 1912
- Manufacturer: Escher Wyss & Cie. , Zurich
- Power: 950 PS (around 700 kW ) at 62 rpm
- Steam pressure: 10 bar
- Top speed of the ship from 1913: 29.13 km / h (15.73 knots )
- Maximum speed of the ship from 1988: around 31 km / h (16.7 knots )
- Manufacturer Kessel from 1988: Huggler, Lauterach
- Steam boilers from 1988: two flame tube / smoke tube two-pass boilers with downstream plate superheaters
- Steam generation boiler from 1988: 4 tons of steam / hour with 7000 liters of water per boiler
- Boiler heating surface from 1988: 143 m² (including superheater)
- Heating material: coal from 1913 to 1962 , heating oil from 1962 and extra light heating oil since 1988
Exhibitions
- 100 years of the Hohentwiel steamship . Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen GmbH, Grenz-Raum, June 20 - August 4, 2013.
Trivia
In 2008 the Hohentwiel was the location of the 22nd James Bond with the title " A Quantum of Solace " (original title: "Quantum of Solace"). According to the script, it was originally planned that the Bond adversary and businessman Dominic Greene ( Mathieu Amalric ) land on the Tosca stage in Bregenz with the Lake Constance paddle steamer.
In 2010, the director David Cronenberg shot a few scenes for the movie A Dark Desire (original title: "A Dangerous Method"), a drama about the two fathers of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung , on the ship.
The Hohentwiel was the starting ship of the regatta around Lake Constance in 2015 .
In 2019, the long-lost original Hohentwiel ship's bell was reinstalled on board.
photos
Hohentwiel in the home port of Hard, Austria
Navigating bridge with steering wheel
Open crankshaft of the steam engine
Hohentwiel accompanies the Rund um 2010
See also
literature
- Reinhard E. Kloser, Karl F. Fritz: The steamship Hohentwiel ... again in motion on Lake Constance . Verlag Stadler, Konstanz 1992, ISBN 3-7977-0244-2 .
- Reinhard E. Kloser, Gisela Auchter: Hohentwiel - The royal Württemberg steamship . Verlag Stadler, Konstanz 1996, ISBN 3-79770-345-7 .
- Manfred E. Uhlig: Our steamship "Hohentwiel" . Stadler Verlagsgesellschaft, Konstanz 1990, ISBN 3-7977-0210-8 .
- Hans G. Brunner-Schwer, Karl F. Fritz: Bodenseemagazin - Special - The history of the great Lake Constance ships . Bodensee Magazin Verlag GmbH, Labhard Verlag, Konstanz 2000, ISBN 3-935169-00-0 .
- Klaus v. Rudloff et al. Claude Jeanmaire: Shipping on Lake Constance , Vol. 2: The heyday of steam shipping , Verlag Eisenbahn Villigen AG, 1981, ISBN 3-85649-071-X .
- Karl F. Fritz: Adventure steamship on Lake Constance , MultiMediaVerlag, Meersburg 1990, ISBN 3-927484-00-8 .
- Walter Widmann: What do you know about Lake Constance? , Franckh'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1953, publisher number 2677.
- Dietmar Bönke: paddle wheel and impeller. The shipping of the railway on Lake Constance . GeraMond Verlag, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-86245-714-4 .
- Hildegard Nagler: The fascination of Hohentwiel. The first 100 years of a unique steamer. Robert Gessler publisher. ISBN 978-3-86136-178-7 .
Web links
- Official website
- The Hohentwiel on bodenseeschifffahrt.de
- Article on the 90th birthday of Hohentwiel on bodenseeschifffahrt.de
- Karl F. Fritz: "The Hohentwiel is 100 years old" , article on bodenseeschifffahrt.de (PDF; 4.5 MB)
- Video clips about the Hohentwiel
- Pictures and tech. Information from the historical shipbuilding working group
Footnotes
- ↑ Source: Special exhibition Hohentwiel. Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen. 2013.
- ↑ Herbert Guth: The Queen of Lake Constance. In: Graf Zeppelin on his 175th birthday. Special publication by SÜDKURIER from May 14, 2013. p. 20.
- ^ Karl F. Fritz: Like a phoenix from the ashes. In: Südkurier of April 30, 2013
- ^ Karl F. Fritz: Like a phoenix from the ashes. In: Südkurier of April 30, 2013
- ^ Association Internationales Bodensee-Schifffahrtsmuseum eV: That is a matter of honor. In: Noble See . The magazine of Hohentwiel Schifffahrtsgesellschaft mb H., 2013, pp. 20–21.
- ↑ fact box. In: Noble See . The magazine of Hohentwiel Schifffahrtsgesellschaft mb H., 2015, p. 33.
- ↑ The original brass bell was temporarily lost after it was taken out of service in 1962 and was replaced by a new ship's bell when it was put into service as a museum ship from 1990 to 2018 .
- ↑ Kerstin Mommsen: A steamship celebrates its birthday. In: Südkurier of May 21, 2015.
- ↑ The heart of the Hohentwiel In: noble lake . The magazine of Hohentwiel Schifffahrtsgesellschaft mb H., 2019, p. 11 ff. And advertising brochure: Experience the Hohentwiel , 2019.
- ↑ "DS Hohentwiel" is the location for James Bond . In: Bodensee-Woche from May 2, 2008
- ^ Tilmann P. Gangloff: A touch of Hollywood at the Humboldt-Gymnasium . In: Südkurier of July 13, 2010
- ↑ Hildegard Nagler: Great homecoming of the sounding soul , nobleSee, Das Magazin der Hohentwiel Schifffahrtsgesellschaft mbH, edition 2019, p. 6 ff.