Sydney Hospital
The Sydney Hospital , also mockingly Rum Hospital called, is located in downtown Sydney in Macquarie Street. From 1788 to 1816, the first hospital on the Australian continent consisted only of tents. The new massive three-part building complex of the hospital could only be built in 1816 because it was financed through the granting of a rum import and rum distribution monopoly by the colonial government of New South Wales.
To the north is the main building, Sydney Hospital, and Parliament House ; south of The Mint , the historic mint.
The buildings were gradually used not only as a hospital, but also for other purposes; for example, rooms for the first New South Wales Parliament were built in the north wing in 1829 . The 1816 hospital is Sydney's oldest public building and housed the first nursing school in Australia. Furthermore, the first mint in a British colony was built in the south wing of the hospital complex.
At the time of its completion in 1816, the hospital had 200 beds. Today it has 113 beds with an emergency room with 6 beds. It specializes in ophthalmology , hand surgery, and venereal diseases and is affiliated with the University of Sydney's Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Protection .
Tent hospital
Many of the first convicts who reached Botany Bay in the Australian convict colony with the First Fleet from Portsmouth in Great Britain in 1788 were sick with dysentery , typhus and scurvy due to the catastrophic hygienic conditions on the sailing ships . Later the disease of smallpox was added. The first governor of the British colony of New South Wales , Arthur Phillip , and the botanist and chief surgeon John White , who worked at the hospital from 1788 to 1794, built a tented hospital on The Rocks in western Sydney to house the colony and sick convicts was to provide medical care to sick people arriving on ships.
The site of the former tent hospital is on today's George Street along Nurses Walk .
New building
When Governor Lachlan Macquarie saw the conditions of the tent hospital after his arrival in New South Wales in 1810 , he decided to close it and erect massive buildings in the east of Sydney on Macquarie Street named after him . However, the British government did not provide funding for the construction. Macquarie then signed a contract with Garnham Blaxcell , Alexander Riley and D'Arcy Wentworth to finance and build the hospital and in return provided convicts and secured the monopoly to import and distribute rum over 45,000 (204,574 liters) or later over 65,000 gallons (295,496 liters) of rum too. There are different assessments of the financial success of the private partners and of the amount of rum, whether it was 60,000 or 65,000 gallons.
Francis Greenway , an architect and British convict, was hired to assess the quality, sustainability and style of the building. His verdict with regard to the building quality was: "must soon fall into ruin" (soon it will be a ruin). Greenway did not qualify the architectural style as either historical or modern, in particular he criticized the proportions of the building's columns. Although Macquarie asked the contractors to eliminate the construction defects and extensive repairs were carried out in 1820 and 1826, a large part could only be removed in the course of the restoration from 1980.
building
The buildings were built between 1811 and 1816. They consisted of a main building, the hospital and two wings for the surgery . The two northern buildings now form Parliament House and the southern The Mint , at times a mint , has been preserved in its original style.
It is unknown who designed the Georgian-style buildings. It is believed that both Macquarie and John O'Hearen , who later described himself as an architect, were involved. From the beginning there were considerations to use the building for other purposes. With the start of construction, a usage discussion began. Part of the building was then used as a court and by the municipal administration.
Parliament House
- Main article: → Parliament House
The Legislative Council of New South Wales occupied the surgical department and first met there on August 21, 1829. Surgery remained in the buildings until 1848, although additional rooms were occupied by the colonial government, the convict commissioner and the administrations . The Legislative Council was located in the building from 1829 to 1848 and additional rooms were used by the colonial government until 1852 when the Legislative Council took over the entire northern wing. In 1836 a collection of animals and birds was exhibited in the building. The Parliament Library was built in 1840 and moved from 1983 to 1988 to the Parliament's new Administration Building on Macquarie Street.
Main hospital building
Sydney Hospital on Macquarie Street
Sydney Hospital main house with fountain
The main building of the hospital was demolished by Thomas Rowe after an architectural competition in 1880 and rebuilt according to a design in the classic Victorian style . After criticism of this design, the architect John Kirkpatrick completed the new hospital in 1894 in an adapted style. Only the main building now houses the Sydney Hospital.
The training of nurses began in 1868 when Florence Nightingale , Lucy Osburn and five other English nurses commissioned it. The neo-Gothic Nightingale wing from 1869, next to the main entrance, then housed the first nursing school in Australia.
In the following time, there were minor changes in use and construction. From 1974 to 1983, buildings next to the old building complex for a new parliament building, lobby and central administration were demolished and the existing hospital buildings were restored.
The Sydney Eye Hospital was integrated into the Sydney Hospital building in 1996.
Sydney Mint
- Main article: → The Mint
The southern wing, now called The Mint , was used as a hospital pharmacy and military hospital from 1823 and then by the military administration. In 1851 the first gold rush occurred in New South Wales and gold was circulating uncontrollably. In order to control the amount of gold, from 1854 the south wing was expanded to become the first state mint outside of Great Britain. This mint operated until 1926.
In the period that followed until the 1970s, various government administrations and courts were integrated into the building. In 1982 a museum for decorative arts, coins and stamps was established in the building. In 1995 this museum was rededicated and an exhibition on the role of gold in the time of the first gold rush in Australia was set up, which was dismantled in 1997. The building has been owned by the Historic Houses Trust since 1998 . This part of the building was essentially retained in its original state.
Web links
- Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital website
- The Mint on sydneyarchitecture.com
- Notes from the Rum Hospital Blues (PDF; 118 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Website of the Sydney Hospital ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 26, 2010
- ↑ information on earthdocumentary.com . Retrieved October 27, 2010
- ↑ Judith Godden, Carol Hemstadter: Nightingale. Nursing in the Colonies: Conflict in the Victorian Ideology of Class and Gender. ( Memento of the original dated February 8, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: er.uqam.ca. May 2002, Retrieved October 27, 2010
- ↑ Lucy Osburn. on nurses.info. Retrieved October 27, 2010
- ↑ a b History of The Mint. Retrieved October 26, 2010
- ↑ Sydney Hospital and Sydney Eye Hospital is proud to be on sesiahs.health.nsw.gov.au ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved October 25, 2010
- ^ Wentworth, D'Arcy (1762-1827) Online Australian Dictionary of Biography . Retrieved October 25, 2010
- ↑ a b Rum Hospital 1811 - 1854. ( Memento of October 1, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Retrieved October 25, 2010
- ^ The "Rum Hospital" and Parliament House. ( Memento of November 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 82 kB) In: Parliament of New South Wales. History Bullentin 9. Retrieved October 25, 2010
- ^ A b History Bulletin 4: The Architecture of Parliament House. ( Memento of November 4, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 26 kB) Retrieved on October 25, 2010
- ↑ Stone restored on Sydney Hospital. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 25, 2010
Coordinates: 33 ° 52 ′ 5.4 ″ S , 151 ° 12 ′ 44.6 ″ E