Wrinkled dwarf milkling
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Wrinkled dwarf milkling ( Lactarius rostratus ) |
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| Lactarius rostratus | ||||||||||||
| Heilm.-Claus. |
The wrinkled or orange foxed dwarf milkling ( Lactarius rostratus , syn .: Lactarius cremor ) is a type of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . The little Milchling has a brick-colored to ocher-brown, irregularly wrinkled and hunched hat and a watery milk. The fruit bodies smell strongly of ivy leaves or similar to the oak milkling. The Milchling grows in European beeches, often directly in moss cushions.
features
Macroscopic features
The 0.8–3.5 cm wide hat is initially arched and later spread out to deepen in a funnel shape. In the middle of the hat it often has a small, permanent hump or papilla . As a rule, the edge is more or less permanently curved and hardly notched. The dry, smooth surface is irregularly wrinkled to grainy everywhere. The hat is colored orange-brown to dark brick-colored when young and later brick-colored to cinnamon or ocher-orange, especially on the outside. Typically it then appears more or less marbled.
The lamellas have grown on the stem or run down pretty deeply. They are narrow to medium-wide, stand rather crowded and are sometimes forked. At first they are pink-ocher-yellow, later ocher to pink-gray and, when injured, take on a brick-brownish color. The spore powder is whitish.
The cylindrical, somewhat irregular or extended stem is 1–2.8 cm long and 0.3–0.9 cm wide and sometimes a little compressed. The surface is smooth, ocher to brick-colored and pale salmon-colored at the top. It soon turns fawn to orange-brown from the base.
The meat is stuffed in the handle or hollow, ocher-colored to ocher-orange, colored in the rind as on the surface and, when it dries out, pale pink ocher towards the center. The smell is strong. The fruit body smells similar to the oak milkling , but even stronger. The taste is mild and sweet and later becomes a bit unpleasant. The watery white milk also tastes mild.
Microscopic features
The almost round to broadly elliptical spores are on average 6.9–7.2 µm long and 6.1–6.4 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1–1.2. The spore ornament is 0.7–1.5 µm high and consists of more or less elongated warts and ridges that are irregularly connected and often form a slightly zebra-stripe pattern. Closed meshes occur only occasionally, isolated, often large warts are numerous. The hilly spot is small, not very pronounced and mostly inamyloid .
The mostly slightly club-shaped, 1–4-spore basidia are 30–50 µm long and 8.5–11 µm wide. Pleuromacrocystidae occur scattered to quite numerous. They are 25–50 (60) µm long and 4–6.5 µm wide and more or less cylindrical to spindle-shaped. At the top they are usually pointed to beaked. The lamellar edge is heterogeneous, the cheilomacrocystids are very numerous and measure 17–35 × 4–6.5 µm. They are more or less spindle-shaped and pointed to beaked or narrowly constricted like a string of pearls.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 60–145 µm thick hyphoepithelium . The elements in the subpellis measure 15–40 × 7.5–25 µm and are more or less isodiametric (of the same diameter in all three spatial axes) and often quite angular. The ends of the hyphae are 15–45 µm long and 3.5–7 µm wide and more or less cylindrical. They form a rather noticeable layer, but it is often compressed.
Species delimitation
The closely related camphor milkling ( L. camphoratus ) is very similar . Both species have a hyphoepithelial cap and nearly round spores, as well as macrocystids and a strong, characteristic odor. This is a combination of characteristics that is unique to these two species. Macroscopically, the wrinkled dwarf milkling differs from the camphor milkling in its smaller size, the clearly wrinkled hat surface and the more reddish to orange colors. Under the microscope it can be distinguished by the comb-like spores and the many small, beak-like pointed macrocystids that occur both on the surface and on the blade edge. The camphor milkling has spores with isolated thorns, which are connected by low lines, and the macrocystids are only very sparse or absent on the lamellar surface.
The other European representatives of the Olentes section all have no macrocystids in the hymenium .
Ecology and diffusion
The mycorrhizal fungus is predominantly associated with European beech, but in rare cases oak and linden may also serve as mycorrhizal partners. The Milchling can be found in various beech forest communities on loamy, rather calcareous soils. The Milchling was also found in various mixed oak forests. The fruiting bodies often appear between moss cushions from July to October.
The rare wrinkled dwarf milkling is very scattered in Western and Central Europe. It may be more common than expected, but it is not differentiated from similar species. The Milchling seems to be very rare in Northern Europe.
Systematics
Lactarius rostratus is synonymous with Lactarius cremor Fr. (1838) in the sense of Bon and Basso . Fries' original description of L. cremor differs significantly from Bon's interpretation of this species. Fries is a larger species with a 5 cm wide, sticky hat. "Bons L. cremor ", however, has a dry, barely 3.5 cm wide hat and it is doubtful whether this species occurs in Sweden at all and whether Fries "Bons L. cremor " has ever seen it. Therefore Heilmann-Clausen did not think it would make sense to keep the name L. cremor . In addition, the name L. cremor has been interpreted differently by different authors. For example, L. cremor in the sense of Lange (1928, 1940) is L. fulvissimus , the orange fox milkling, and L. cremor in the sense of Neuhoff is at least partially L. serifluus , the watery milkling . According to Basso, Lactarius noncamphoratus are also Bässler & Jul. Schäff. and Lactaria seriflua Schröter (1889) taxonomic synonyms .
The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) rostratus refers to the more or less beaked macrocystids .
Inquiry systematics
The Wrinkled Dwarf Milchling fits well into the Olentes section , which in turn is assigned to the Russularia subgenus . The representatives of the section are characterized by mostly brownish hats, a more or less watery milk and a strong bug-like to curry-like odor. The cap skin is a hyphoepithelium . The closest relative is probably the camphor milkling ( L. camphoratus ).
meaning
The wrinkled dwarf milkling is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 216-219 .
- ^ Observado.org - Lactarius rostratus. Retrieved October 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius rostratus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 271-73 .
- ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius rostratus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on March 4, 2012 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ a b Lactarius rostratus. Pilzoek database, accessed October 21, 2012 .
- ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 343 (Latin, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Georges: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary. In: Zeno.org. Retrieved March 4, 2012 .
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius rostratus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius rostratus. In: Russulales News / muse.it. Accessed May 1, 2016 (English, photos and brief description).
- Lactarius cremor. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved January 2, 2013 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Wrzeligen Zwerg-Milchling).