Watery milkling

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Watery milkling
2012-08-29 Lactarius serifluus (DC.) Fr 256399 256400.jpg

Watery milkling ( Lactarius serifluus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Milklings ( Lactarius )
Type : Watery milkling
Scientific name
Lactarius serifluus
( DC  .: Fr. ) Fr.

The watery milkling or smooth dwarf milkling ( Lactarius serifluus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a rather small milkling with a strong aromatic to unpleasant odor and a watery milk. The orange-brown hat is dry and has a yellow-brown edge. The fruiting bodies of the inedible milkling appear from June to October and grow in fresh to moist locations, mostly on oaks.

features

Lactarius serifluus-Cooke.jpg

Macroscopic features

The 2.5–3.5 (–5) cm wide hat is arched when young and later flattened and depressed in the middle to deepened in a funnel shape. Usually it has a small, pointed hump. The surface is smooth, matt to fine velvety and colored tobacco, red to deep ocher brown, the middle of the hat is usually darker. The edge is slightly grooved or smooth.

The lamellae , which grow wide to slightly sloping and are rarely forked, are cream-colored when young and later yellow-orange. The edges are smooth. The orange to reddish brown, cylindrical and with age hollow stem is 2–4 (-5) cm long and 0.3-0.7 (-1) cm wide. The surface is smooth, finely frosted when young and later bare.

The meat is cream-colored and has a more or less reddish tone. It smells obtrusively bug-like, similar to the oak milkling ( Lactarius quietus ). When drying, the mushroom smells of Maggi herb or coumarin. The taste is mild and pleasant. The watery-white, unchangeable milk also tastes mild.

Microscopic features

The round to rather rounded spores are on average 7.1–7.8 µm long and 6.4–6.9 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.0–1.2. The spore ornament is between 0.7–1.2 µm high and consists of burr elongated warts and ribs, which are connected to one another to form a rather coarse, almost complete network. Occasionally, isolated warts also appear. The hillock is quite small and indistinct and mostly inamyloid .

The clubbed to bulbous basidia measure 35–60 × 8–12 µm and have two or four pores. Pleural and macrocystidia are absent, the edges of the lamellae are heterogeneous or sterile. The numerous Paracystiden are vesicular, pear-shaped to club-shaped and 15–35 (–45) µm long and (6–) 7.5–17 µm long.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a hyphoepithelium . The hyphae in the lower cutaneous layer ( subpellis ) are 7.5–25 µm wide and oblong to isodiametric or rounded. The more or less cylindrical hyphal end cells are 3.5–7.5 µm wide and form a conspicuous layer over the subpellis, but it is often more or less compressed and forms only a diffuse layer.

Species delimitation

Strictly speaking, the Aqueous Milkling is a complex of species that different authors define in different narrow or broad terms. The watery milkling is closely related to Lactarius subumbonatus , which mainly differs in its darker and duller hat color. Numerous authors consider the two taxa to be synonymous.

The Milchling can also be confused with the camphor Milchling ( Lactarius camphoratus ), which has a darker hat and lamellar color and has a different smell. Under the microscope, the two species can be distinguished in that the camphor milkling has a different spore ornament and cheilomacrocystidia . The Atlantic milkling ( Lactarius atlanticus ) is also very similar, a Mediterranean-Atlantic species that mainly grows under holm oaks and is probably not found in Germany.

ecology

The watery milkling is a mycorrhizal fungus that primarily enters into a symbiotic partnership with oaks, and more rarely with beeches. The Milchling occurs predominantly in oak and hornbeam-oak forests , it can also be found less often in red beech forests with and without oak, especially in woodruff-red beech forests, forest barley-red beech and fir-red beech forests. The Milchling likes moderately fresh to moderately moist, shallow to medium-sized and neutral to slightly alkaline soils, such as nutrient-poor brown and parabrown soils over lime, marls and sufficiently alkaline silicate rock. In oaks, it can also be found on forest paths, in ditch embankments and in parks.

The fungus avoids summer-dry, continentally tinted regions and montane locations. It can therefore be found from the lowlands to the lower mountains. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October.

distribution

Distribution of the watery milkling in Europe. Countries in which the Milchling has been detected are colored green, all countries in which the Milchling has not yet been detected are colored white. Countries with no sources or countries outside Europe are shown in gray.

The watery milkling was detected in North Africa (Morocco), North America (USA) and Europe. In Europe it is widespread from meridional to temperate . It is a predominantly Central European deciduous forest fungus of the low and hill country, which can rise to the lower mountain country. In Western Europe, the Milchling was found in France, the Benelux countries and Great Britain. It occurs all over Central Europe and in Northern Europe its distribution area extends to the border of the oak area in southern Fennoscandinavia. The exact southern and eastern borders of this type of mushroom are unknown.

In Germany, the Milchling occurs in all federal states, but it is only loosely distributed from Schleswig to Lake Constance. It is absent in drier and more continental areas.

Systematics and taxonomy

The watery milkling was first described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle as Agaricus serifluus in 1815 and sanctioned by Fries in 1821 . In 1838 Fries placed it in the genus Lactarius , so that it got its current name. The type of epithet serifluus is derived from the Latin serum (whey) and fluo (I flow) and means something like 'whey flowing out' or 'whey exuding'.

Inquiry systematics

Bon, Heilmann-Clausen and Basso put the watery milkling in the Olentes section, which itself is part of the Russularia subgenus . The section contains thin-fleshed milklings with dull, uneven hat skin and an unrubbed hat rim. The milk is more or less watery and the odor is noticeable and strong.

meaning

Most authors describe the Michling as inedible.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 98 .
  2. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 423.
  3. ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 106.
  4. ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 220-221 (English).
  5. ↑ a b Lactarius serifluus in the PILZOEK database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved September 15, 2011.
  6. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius serifluus . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  7. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
  8. ↑ Denchev, Cvetomir M. & Boris Assyov: CHECKLIST OF THE MACROMYCETES OF CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN (BULGARIA) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111:, 2010, p. 279–282 ( online (PDF file; 578 kB)).
  9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 289 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed January 9, 2012]).
  10. ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius serifluus. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012 ; accessed on March 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.nbn.org.uk
  11. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Lactarius of the Ukraine. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, accessed March 3, 2012 .
  12. ↑ Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle ,: Flore française . Troisième éd. Vol. 6, 1815, pp. 45 (French, csic.es ).
  13. ↑ Elias Magnus Fries: Systema Mycologicum . Volume I. Ex Officina Berlingiana., Lund & Greifswald 1821, p. 75 (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  14. ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Epicrisis systematis mycologici . seu synopsis hymenomycetum. Typographia Academica, Upsala 1838, p. 345 (Latin, online ).
  15. ^ Karl Ernst Georges: Extensive Latin-German concise dictionary: serum . In: zeno.org . Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  16. ^ Karl Ernst Georges: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary: fluo . In: zeno.org . Retrieved April 25, 2012.
  17. ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 598-602 (Italian).

Web links

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