Purple-brown yolk blubber

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Purple-brown yolk blubber
The purple-brown yolk blubber - (Russula cuprea)

The purple-brown yolk blubber - ( Russula cuprea )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Purple-brown yolk blubber
Scientific name
Russula cuprea
( Krombh. ) JE long

The purple-brown yolk blubber ( Russula cuprea ) is a mushroom from the family of the blubber relatives . Other names for this Täubling are Kupferfarbener Scharftäubling or Scharfer Kupfertäubling . It is a pungent-tasting blubber with golden yellow lamellas and a very variable hat color. The hat is typically copper red. The rare fungus can occasionally be found in oak-hornbeam forests.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–9 cm wide and quite brittle. It is first convex, then spread out flat and sometimes bluntly hunched and finally depressed. The hat skin is smooth, shiny and sticky in damp weather, rather dull in dry weather. Half of it is removable. The edge is sharp, slightly curved when young and clearly grooved or furrowed from the start. The hat color is very variable. In the type, they are more or less copper-colored, pale reddish brown to blackish brown or wine-colored with an orange-colored center. The hat can sometimes have almost greenish, olive-brown or grayish tones, or it is more purple or purple on the edge.

The tightly standing, brittle lamellae are wide, mostly bulbous, quite thick and a beautiful golden yellow. The spore powder is also intensely dark yellow ( IVd, IVe according to Romagnesi ).

The rather brittle stem is 3.5–7 cm long and 0.7–2 cm wide, slender, club-shaped or tapered downwards. It is white and shows yellow-brown spots with age. Inside it is pithy filled.

The meat tastes very hot, even if it is often delayed. The smell is weak or absent. The meat reacts weakly and slowly with guaiac.

Microscopic features

The spores are 8.5–10 µm long and 6.7-8 (8.5) µm wide and covered with more or less isolated, thorny warts. The basidia are (35) 40–52 µm long and 10–13 µm wide and each have 4 sterigms . The pleurocystidia are quite common, (60) 68–132 µm long and 10–13.5 (–16.5) µm wide and can be stained with sulfovanillin . The hyphae cells in the cap skin, like the 3.5–8.5 (–10) µm wide pileocystids, are clearly sagging.

Ecology and diffusion

European countries with evidence of finding of the purple-brown yolk-blubber
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The copper-brown hot blot is like all blanks a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Hornbeams , European beeches and oaks, among others, can serve as hosts. The Täubling can be found in hornbeam oak and warm oak mixed forests.

    The quite rare deafbling is rarely found in North America (USA), New Zealand and Europe.

    In Germany, the Täubling is on the red list in many federal states or is missing entirely.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The purple-brown yolk-deaf is placed by Bon in the Cupreinae subsection , which in turn is within the Insidiosinae section . The subsection mostly contains small to medium-sized, more or less pungent-tasting pigeons. The hats are very variable in color and usually clearly grooved on the edge. The spore powder is intense yellow.

    Forms and varieties

    The following varieties and forms of the purple-brown yolk-blubber have been described:

    variety author description
    Russula cuprea var. Juniperina (Ubaldi) Bon & Sarnari The hat is blood red, orange or often yellow. Sometimes the center is faded and the edge is purple. The spores are covered with average, blunt thorns. The Mediterranean species occurs among downy oaks , holm oaks or junipers .
    Russula cuprea var. Cinnamomicolor (Krombh.) Bon Like the guy but with a lively or pale orange hat. More or less olive or leather-colored in the middle.
    Russula cuprea f. ocellata Romagn. Like the type, but the center is clearly defined in bronze, the rest is more or less multicolored.
    Russula cuprea f. pseudofirmula Romagn. Like the guy, but the hat is predominantly purple, sometimes it has more purple-red colors like the purple-black Täubling or Scharfe glossy Täubling .
    Russula cuprea f. rubro-olivascens Romagn. The hat has more reddish colors, rose-red with wine-red tones, the middle is olive-ocher (like R. decipiens or R. rosea). The hat is 6 (8) inches wide and is quickly depressed. The handle quickly becomes dirty brownish gray, like the meat. The guaiac reaction is weak or slow. The spores have fine or pointed, dense, thorny warts. The form occurs in damp forests under deciduous trees.
    Russula cuprea f. griseinoides Romagn. The hat is dirty in color. It is distinctly olive gray, sometimes lined with dirty gray or purple. The hat is 4 (7) cm wide and has a shiny or sticky hat skin. The stem is up to 3 (4) long and approximately 1 cm thick. It quickly becomes hollow, is finely wrinkled, white to grayish. The smell is weak, almost like the gall-bladder . The spores are up to 10 (11) µm long and 8 (9) µm wide and are covered with strong and very dense thorns. The Pileocystiden are strongly septate. The form occurs under hornbeams and linden trees on lime-rich clay soils.

    meaning

    The purple-brown yolk blubber, like all hot-tasting blubberies, is not edible.

    literature

    • Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-443-59013-6 , pp. 58 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b c d Russula cuprea. (PDF DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, accessed on March 21, 2011 (Spanish).
    2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 39 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved April 29, 2011 .
    3. ^ Original description by Russula cuprea. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 18, 2007 ; Retrieved May 2, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mtsn.tn.it
    4. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula cuprea. Retrieved June 9, 2012 (Täubling very rare: Vulnerable).
    5. ↑ Karel Tejkal: www.myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula cuprea. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
    6. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula cuprea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula cuprea. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014 ; Retrieved August 18, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    8. ↑ Grid map of Russula cuprea. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on September 10, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Dead Link / data.nbn.org.uk  
    9. ↑ a b Russula cuprea in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .
    10. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula cuprea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
    11. ^ Forms and varieties of Russula cuprea. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved August 18, 2011 .

    Web links

    Commons : Purpurbrouner Dotter-Täubling ( Russula cuprea )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files