Parrot deafblings
| Parrot deafblings | ||||||||||||
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The parrot deafblings ( Russula ionochlora ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula ionochlora | ||||||||||||
| Romagn. |
The parrot deafness ( Russula ionochlora ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . He is a little smaller and more fragile than the very similar pigeon pigeon and his hat colors are more colorful and variable. The Täubling prefers acidic beech forests and is also called cream-leaved Bunt-Täubling or Kleiner Frauentäubling .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat 4–7 (–10) cm wide, almost spherical when young and later flattened. The edge is often slightly irregularly wavy. The hat has different, widely varying colors. Usually it has a grayish purple outer zone and a greenish center. The transition zone in between is usually colored purple. The middle can also fade yellowish to cream-ocher. The smooth hat skin is shinier than that of the pigeon pigeon and can be peeled off up to about halfway.
The crowded, narrow lamellae are pale cream-colored and brittle. They are often slightly forked and almost free on the stem. The spore powder is also pale cream-colored ( IIa according to Romagnesi ).
The stem is 3–7 cm and 1–2 cm wide and often slightly deformed. It is mostly white, but sometimes also tinged with a faint purple color.
The flesh is also white, sometimes a little yellowish at the base of the stem. It turns pink at places where it has been eaten, and purple directly under the hat skin. The meat smells slightly fruity and tastes mild, young fruiting bodies can also taste slightly pungent, especially in the lamellae. The guaiac reaction is weak or variable.
Microscopic features
The ovoid spores 6.5–7.5 µm long and 5–6 µm wide have warts up to 0.5 µm high, which are mostly isolated, but occasionally also in short chains. There are no fine lines between the warts.
The hyphal end cells in the cap skin are usually broadly cylindrical and have rounded ends. The support cells are slightly inflated rectangular. The Pileocystiden are very variable, but mostly clubbed and not septate.
ecology
The parrot pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus that forms a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its preferred symbiotic partner is the red beech, but it can also enter into a symbiotic relationship with oak , hornbeam and hazelnut .
You can find the Täubling mostly acidophilous beech forests such as Woodruff-beech forests or wood-rush beech forests or in rare fir and beech forests, and in the relevant oak mixed forests, such as chickweed and hornbeam oak forests . Occasionally you can find it in parks.
The Täubling likes fresh, acidic, sandy-humic, lime and base poor soil, but is relatively nutrient-tolerant. The fruiting bodies appear from June to October in the lowlands and mountains.
distribution
The parrot puffin is a species that prefers a temperate climate. It is prepared in North America (USA), North Africa (Algeria, Morocco), North Asia (Eastern Siberia) and Europe.
In Germany the Täubling occurs in all federal states, but overall it is only sparsely distributed. Since it prefers acidic sites, it is rare or absent in limestone areas.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The parrot's puffin is placed in the Griseinae subsection , a subsection of the Heterophyllea section . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive hats. The mildly tasting mushrooms have slightly sharp lamellae, their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher.
meaning
The parrot puff is generally considered a very good edible mushroom .
literature
- Russula ionochlora. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed March 27, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula ionochlora. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed March 27, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 58 .
- ^ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 53 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved March 27, 2011 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Russula ionochlora. (No longer available online.) RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on December 19, 2015 ; accessed on March 27, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 467.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula ionochlora. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula ionochlora. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula ionochlora. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on May 3, 2014 ; Retrieved September 1, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mirca Zotti include: The macrofungal checklist of Liguria (Italy) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 105 , 2008, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 167–170 ( online (PDF; 351 kB) [accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009.
- ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula ionochlora. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula ionochlora in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. 2011, accessed September 1, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova and others: Russula ionochlora. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on January 3, 2014 ; accessed on September 19, 2012 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula ionochlora. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 19, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 19, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Spores drawing by Romagnesi, (1967), under www.cbs.knaw.nl
- Synonyms of Russula ionochlora. Index Fungorum, accessed March 27, 2011 .
- Photo of Russula ionochlora. Russulales News, accessed March 27, 2011 .
- Russula ionochlora. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos of the parrot-deaf).
