Aspen Deabling
| Aspen Deabling | ||||||||||||
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The aspen deafblings ( Russula pelargonia ) |
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| Russula pelargonia | ||||||||||||
| Niolle |
The aspen deafness ( Russula pelargonia ) is a fungus from the family of deaf relatives . The deafbling smells of grated geranium leaves ( Pelargonium zonale ). It usually grows under aspens or poplars. The Täubling is also called Geranium Täubling or Pelargonia Täubling based on the Latin species attribute ( epithet ) .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 2–5 cm, rarely up to 7 cm wide, mostly spread out flat and quite brittle. The edge is furrowed or finely grooved. The hat colors are very variable, but mostly violet tones dominate, sometimes more carmine red, sometimes more grayish. The middle can be discolored strongly olive-gray. Green tones are usually rarer, but the citrinovirus variety is completely greenish-yellow in color. (var citrinovirens Sarn. ).
The lamellas are wide or blunt and quite distant. They are fragile, whitish when young, later cloudy cream-colored to slightly grayish in color. They have a very pungent taste. The spore powder is also pale cream in color.
The stem is about 2–6 cm long and 0.5–1 cm wide. It is cylindrical or slightly narrowed at the base. The stem meat is pliable and quickly hollow. The stem, which is white when young, often becomes a little grayish with age or when it is saturated.
The meat, which is initially quite firm, quickly becomes fragile. It is white but tends to turn slightly grayish and has an intense smell of grated geranium leaves. It tastes very hot. The guaiac reaction is slow and weakly positive. The meat first turns brown and then quickly turns blue-green. The ammonia reaction is negative.
Microscopic features
The egg-shaped spores are 7–9 (10) µm long and 6–8.5 (9) µm wide. They have coarse, thorny warts that are occasionally connected in a linear or burr-like manner. They are quite numerous, pointed conical, 0.75–1 µm high and not completely amyloid. They are often lined up like a chain, sometimes connected by ridges and sometimes by fine lines.
The Apiculus has dimensions 1.25-1.5 × 0.75-1 microns, the Hilarfleck is irregular about 2.5-3 microns long and 1.75-2.25 microns wide, sometimes eccentric and more or less kleinwarzig . The basids are 37–45 µm long and 10–12 µm wide. The cystidia are 48–72 long and x 7–14 µm wide, often appendiculated, slightly clubbed to cylindrical and narrow. Blackish-gray in sulfovanillin.
The Pileocystiden in the cap skin are club-shaped or cylindrical and 1–3-fold spete. They are 6–10 µm wide and more or less gray in color in sulfovanillin. A reddish pigment is found intracellularly in small droplets, sometimes with a few darker granules in the periphery that are more or less solidified. In the trama and in the hypoderm (the lowest layer of the cap skin) there are numerous laticifera .
Species delimitation
The species from the Violacea group of the Violaceinae section are very difficult to distinguish from one another, as the species are linked to one another by a myriad of intermediate forms. A reasonably reliable determination is only possible with a microscope.
- The great white poplar blubber is larger and more rugged and is said to have spores with more networked warts. The Täubling is no longer viewed as an independent species, but is part of the R. pelargonia species complex.
- The purple-green Täubling mostly occurs in drier locations. It has spores with pointed, isolated warts. Its stem never turns gray, but turns yellow or tans more or less strongly at the base.
- Also similar is the hollow-stemmed hornbill , which differs in its pink or reddish ammonia reaction and the negative guaiac reaction and also occurs under conifers.
From the subsection Atropurpurinae , the very richly shaped, alternately colored Spei-Täubling can look very similar. It has more like white spore powder, toothed lamellar sheaths and a fairly typical candy smell.
From the Tenelle section , the multi-colored Täubling and possibly the more violet-capped and smaller forms of the violet-brown Täubling are quite similar. Both types taste more or less mild.
- At least young specimens can have a pungent taste in the case of the multi-colored deaf. The spores have very low warts that are typically connected in a zigzag fashion. The spore powder is also darker, more creamy ocher in color.
- The purplish brown blubber is usually much larger and has mild flesh. Rusty brown spots can be seen on his hat skin under the magnifying glass.
ecology
The aspen deaf, like all deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus , which mainly forms a symbiosis with aspen or other poplars . The Täubling can often be found under aspen and willows in a more humid location.
distribution
The Aspen-Täubling occurs in North America (USA) and Europe.
The species is quite rare in Germany.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The Espen-Täubling is placed in the Violaceinae section by M. Bon . The section contains sharp-tasting, rather fragile, small species, most of which have a cream-colored spore powder and often a very characteristic odor.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula pelargonia var. Citrinovirens Sarnari
- Almost similar to the type species, but with the lemon yellow hat or pale green discolored.
meaning
Like all deafnesses from the Violaceinae section, the aspen deafness is inedible or slightly poisonous.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 591.
- Russula pelargonia. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed December 20, 2010 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 72 .
- ↑ a b c Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 29 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved December 20, 2010 .
- ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula pelargonia. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed December 20, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula pelargonia. Retrieved on March 1, 2018 (Täubling rare: No threat).
- ↑ Karel Tejkal: myko.cz/myko-atlas - Russula pelargonia. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
- ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula pelargonia. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula pelargonia. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved September 1, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula pelargonia. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula pelargonia. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula pelargonia in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 1, 2011 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 28, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula pelargonia after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Synonyms of Russula pelargonia. Index Fungorum, accessed December 20, 2010 .
- Russula pelargonia. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed December 20, 2010 (photo and nomenclature).
- Russula pelargonia. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from Espen-Täubling).