Great comb-deaf

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Great comb-deaf
Comb Russula.jpg

Great comb-deaf ( Russula sororia )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Great comb-deaf
Scientific name
Russula sororia
( Fr. ) Romell

The great comb deaf ( Russula sororia ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . The medium-sized Täubling has a grayish-brown hat that is clearly grooved on the edge and becomes very greasy in damp weather. Its meat tastes clearly spicy after a while. The rare fungus often grows under oak trees on more or less acidic, loamy soils.

features

Macroscopic features

The 5–12 cm wide, quickly depressed hat is often bifurcated and sometimes deepened in a funnel shape with age. It is brownish-gray, umber or brown in color. Towards the middle it is often pure brown or reddish brown and usually darker in color; towards the edge it is sometimes almost grayish. The edge of the hat is soon grooved to a length of about 2 cm. The hat skin is clearly greasy when it is damp and can tear at the edge when it is dry. It can be pulled off about halfway.

The pale cream-colored and later often rust-stained lamellae are often forked and rarely mixed in. They are widest in the middle (approx. 8 mm) and often connected across veins (anastomosing). On the stem they are often forked and rounded - or narrowed - grown or almost free. They are huddled up to almost a distance. The spore powder is cream-colored ( IIb-IIc according to Romagnesi )

The 4–6 (–7) cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide stalk is initially white and later often mottled gray to dirty brown. It can be bulbous, cylindrical or tapered towards the base. It is full and fairly firm, then more spongy and then has 1–4 diamond-shaped chambers in the longitudinal section.

The initially firm and later brittle meat is white and gray under the cap skin. With old age it can become dirty red-brown stained. It tastes mild at first and after a few seconds it is more or less fiery hot. The smell can be unpleasant spermatic, cream cheese-like but also slightly fruity. With iron sulfate , the meat turns gray-yellowish to dirty pink, with guaiac it reacts only weakly and slowly.

Microscopic features

The 6–8.2 µm long and 5.7–7.2 µm wide spores are almost spherical. The spore ornament consists of up to 0.4 µm high, isolated or irregularly connected warts. The basidia are 40–60 µm long and 9–11 µm wide and each carry four sterigms . The 69–125 µm long and 8–10 µm wide pleurocystids are more or less bulbous and often constricted on top of the head. Often they are also appendiculated , that is, they have a small appendage at their tip. In sulfovanillin, they turn more or less blue.

Species delimitation

The types of subsection Pectinatinae are often difficult to distinguish. The Schärfliche Kamm-Täubling ( R. pectinata ) and the brown Camembert-Täubling ( R. amoenolens ) are particularly similar . The Schärfliche Kamm-Täubling has a more yellow-brown colored hat and the brown Camembert-Täubling is usually much smaller. Its flesh does not become red-brown spotted even with age. A reliable differentiation is only possible with a microscope. The brown Camembert deaf has clearly elliptical spores and a thorny-warty spore ornament almost twice as high. All other types from the subsection taste more or less mild.

ecology

The Great Comb Deaf, like all Deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus that can preferentially enter into a partnership with oak, but occasionally also with European beech. The fungus can therefore be found in hornbeam-oak forests, but also in hardwood meadows, on the edges of forests and in parks. The fungus likes fresh to moist, loamy to clayey, nutrient-poor soils, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH value. The fruiting bodies appear from late June to late August.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Great Comb Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The great comb deafbling is a Holarctic species that is found in North Asia (Korea, Japan), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria), North America, and Europe. In Europe the Täubling is widespread in the south from Spain to Romania and in the west from France to Great Britain (north to the Hebrides). It is found in all of Central Europe. In the north, its distribution area extends to southern Scandinavia.

    In Germany, the very rare Taubing is scattered from the Danish border and the sea coasts to Lake Constance. It occurs from the plains to the low mountain range and there are no signs of regional densification. However, it seems to be a little more common in northern Germany than in the south.

    Systematics

    The species of the subsection Pectinatinae are all very similar and often cannot be easily differentiated, so it is not surprising that the species has been assigned to other species as a variety. It was first described by Fries in 1938 as Russula consobrina var. Sororia. In 1891 Romell described them as a separate species. Other synonymous names are: Russula livescens var. Sororia (Fr.) Quél. 1888 and Russula pectinata var. Sororia (Fr.) Maire 1937. Russula sororia in the view of J.Schaeffer refers to Russula amoenolens .

    Inquiry systematics

    The large comb-deaf is placed by Bon in the subsection Pectinatinae within the Ingratae section. They are medium-sized to smaller species with a yellow-brown to dark gray-brown hat, which can sometimes be dirty whitish to pale grayish. As with the sister taxon Foetentinae , the edge of the hat is more or less serrated and the stem is more or less cavernous (hollow-chambered). The smell can be slightly fruity, unpleasant sperm or cheese-like. The spores have more or less low warts or ribs. The pileocystidia are short and conical and the pigment is vacuolar.

    meaning

    The sharp-tasting Great Comb Täubling is considered inedible.

    literature

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Synonyms of Russula sororia. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 6, 2012 .
    2. ^ A b c Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-443-59056-X , p. 283 .
    3. ↑ Russula sororia. (DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 78 , accessed June 20, 2011 (Spanish).
    4. ↑ a b c d Russula sororia. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 16 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    5. ^ A b Rolf Singer : Monograph of the genus Russula . In: A. Pascher (Ed.): Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt . tape  49 , 1932, pp. 317 ( online ).
    6. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 543.
    7. ↑ a b c Russula soraria. Pilzoek database, accessed February 3, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula sororia. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 8, 2012 .
    9. ^ Russula sororia Romell. Belgian Species List. In: species.be. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 2011, accessed February 6, 2012 .
    10. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 296 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    11. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula sororia. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    12. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    13. ↑ F. Spikmans: Russula sororia Romell. In: Nederlands Soortenregister / nederlandsesoorten.nl. 2009, accessed February 2012 .
    14. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved October 8, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
    15. ↑ Mushroom Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved February 6, 2012 .
    16. ↑ Russula amoenolens. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved February 11, 2014 .
    17. ^ H. Schwöbel (1974): Die Täublinge. - Contributions to their knowledge and dissemination (III). Journal of Mushroom Science 40: 145–158.

    Web links

    Commons : Großer Kamm-Täubling ( Russula sororia )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
    • Spore drawing of Russula sororia by H. Romagnesi (1967). In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed February 6, 2012
    • Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 357 f . (French, online ).
    • Russula sororia. In: Russulales News . Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photo, nomenclature and original Latin description).
    • Roger Phillips: Russula sororia. In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, accessed August 31, 2011 .
    • Russula sororia. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved June 2, 2014 (Italian, photos from the Großer Kamm-Täubling).