Leather handle blubber
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Leather-stick blubber ( Russula viscida ) Photo: Anna Baykalova |
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| Russula viscida | ||||||||||||
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The leather-stalked deafblings ( Russula viscida , Syn . : Russula artesiana ) is a fungus from the family of the deafblings relatives . The deafblings could easily be mistaken for a whole host of other deafblings if the base of its stem did not turn bright red with KOH .
features
Macroscopic features
The 8 to 18 (up to 25 centimeters) wide, hard-fleshed hat that is firm even in old age is soon depressed. The brim of the hat is smooth, mostly wavy to irregularly lobed with a reddish edge line. The hat is initially dark wine to purple-red, or purple to purple-black and is strongly reminiscent of the purple-black blubber . Often, however, it is also colored reddish-brown like the brown leather puff . The colors soon fade from the middle to yellowish-brownish or olive-ocher, with a reddish border usually remaining at the edge. The hat skin is sticky or greasy in youth; in old age it is often radially wrinkled and almost dull and dull. It is not or only hardly removable.
The rather narrow and more or less arched lamellae are white when young and cream-colored later when ripe. They often become rusty with age. The spore powder is almost white.
The strong and strikingly firm, almost hard handle is typical. It is 10 to 15 inches long and 2 to 4 inches wide. It is slightly clubbed, whitish at first, but soon browns from the base, so that even young mushrooms have a strong browning.
The white meat also has a clear tendency to brown. It turns reddish brown from the base of the stem upwards. The smell is slightly sour, the taste sharp. The stem meat is almost mild, while the lamellae taste distinctly spicy. The sharpness disappears quickly. Often this deafbling tastes hotter than the purple-black deafblings. The forma acris is noticeably sharp.
Microscopic features
The round to broadly elliptical spores are 7.6–11 µm long and 6–9 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of rounded to slightly elongated warts, most of which are connected to one another like a net or a string of pearls, thus forming an almost complete network.
The club-shaped, 4-spore basidia are 40–50 µm long and 10–13 µm wide. The 45–115 µm long and 8–9 µm wide cheilocystids on the lamellar cutting edges are spindle-shaped and appendiculated at their tip , that is, they have a small appendage. The pleurocystides measure 50–115 × 8–10 µm and are similarly shaped, but they are less often appendiculated. All in all, all cystides are numerous and cannot be stained or only weakly stained with sulfobenzaldehyde reagent.
The cap skin (epicutis) consists of awl-shaped, cylindrical to slightly clubbed, hair-like 2–4 µm wide hyphae , some of which can be septate and branched. The walls of the hyphae are weakly gelatinized, in between there are cylindrical to clubbed, 4–8 µm wide pileocystids , which are often somewhat constricted at their tips and septate once or several times. With sulfobenzaldehyde, they turn pale gray-black.
Species delimitation
The easiest way to confuse the fungus is with the black and red blubber , which is common in our country and can occur in exactly the same location. The leather-stemmed Täubling has a rather thickened, club-like, browned handle, while the purple-black Täubling has a slender, more cylindrical handle, which with age almost always turns gray in the bark. However, the purple-black blotch can also get rust-stained at the base of the stem. The hyphae in the hat skin are a good indicator for cases of doubt. The leather-stem blubber has elongated, yellow-colored hyphae that lie between the normal, pale reddish-colored hyphae; the purple-black blubber lacks these cells.
ecology
The leather-stem Täubling as all russulas a mycorrhizal fungus , the predominantly with silver fir enters into a symbiotic relationship. Bon and Romagnesi describe the Täubling as a typical mountain coniferous forest that prefers to enter into a partnership with spruce and occasionally with pines. The Täubling is also less common in beech trees . The occidentalis variety , which Bon regards as an independent species ( R. artesiana ), is preferred in the lowlands. She often partners with oaks. Other deciduous trees can probably also serve as hosts.
Krieglsteiner describes the Täubling as a typical type of beech forests. It is said to occur mainly in older stands of European beech woodruff forests and bedstraw fir forests , but also in not too acidic hornbeam and beech forests. It is said to be far less common in hornbeam and oak forests , in spruce forests or in parks.
The Täubling prefers medium-sized, clearly fresh, neutral to alkaline, but only moderately nutrient-rich clay soils, mostly over lime or marl. The fruiting bodies appear between late July and mid-November, preferably in mountainous areas.
distribution
The leather-stick blubber is only common in Europe. It is absent in northern Europe and largely in the lowlands of northern central Europe; it was only found in the Netherlands. It was proven in Germany.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
Romagnesi and Bon place the deaf in the Melliolentinae subsection , which in turn is in the Polychromae section. Molecular phylogenetic studies by Miller and Buyck indicate, however, that the leather-stemmed deafness is related to the lemon deafness ( R. ochroleuca ) and the purple-black deafness ( R. atropurpurea ). Already Bon points out that the leather-handled blubber is very similar to the purple-black blubber.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula viscida var. Occidentalis
- The variety was upgraded by Bon to the species Russula artesiana . It has a slightly brighter hat color, more pink to purple-reddish and discolored earlier. Sometimes the hat becomes almost ocher gray from the middle. The outer edge of the hat remains pink-wine-reddish. The taxon forms a mycorrhiza with oak species and colonizes sandy-loamy soils in the lowlands. Frequent in Belgium and northern France, otherwise little known.
meaning
The leather-handled blubber is classified as edible by the French Society for Mycology.
literature
- Russula viscida ( English ) In: Russula database . CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved April 28, 2011.
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula viscida. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved October 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , p. 64 .
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 505.
- ↑ a b H. Jahn: The leather-handled blubber (Russula viscida, KUD.). (PDF; 243 kB) A mushroom newly found in Westphalia. Westphalian mushroom letters, accessed on April 27, 2011 .
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. P. 66. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved on April 28, 2010.
- ↑ a b Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 256.
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 297 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula viscida. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 19, 2016 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula viscida in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula viscida. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved October 10, 2012 .
- ↑ Steven L. Miller, Bart Buyck: Molecular phylogeny of the genus Russula in Europe with a comparison of modern infrageneric classifications . In: Mycological Research . Volume 106, No. 3 , 2002, p. 259-276 ( w3.uwyo.edu [PDF]). w3.uwyo.edu ( Memento of the original from July 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Edible mushrooms. List of all mushrooms classified as edible by the French Society for Mycology. Retrieved April 28, 2011 .
Web links
- Spore drawing_1 and Spore drawing_2 by Russula viscida after H. Romagnesi, (1967), website of the CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- Synonyms of Russula viscida. Index Fungorum, accessed April 28, 2011 .
- Russula viscida. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed April 28, 2011 (photos and nomenclature).
- Karin Montag: The leather-stemmed deafness (Russula viscida) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
