Southern Thai language
| Southern Thai | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Spoken in |
Thailand , Malaysia | |
| speaker | 5,000,000 native speakers | |
| Linguistic classification |
||
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639 -1 |
- |
|
| ISO 639 -2 |
tai |
|
| ISO 639-3 |
sou |
|
The southern Thai language or Dambro ( Thai ภาษา ไทย ใต้ or ภาษา ตาม โพ ร ) is one of the Tai Kadai languages and is spoken by around five million speakers in the border area between Thailand and Malaysia who are predominantly Islamic. There are different dialects, but they allow mutual understanding.
Most southern Thai speakers can also communicate using the Thai language .
distribution
Seen from the north, the speakers of the southern Thai language live in the provinces of Prachuap Khiri Khan , Songkhla and Satun all the way down to southern Thailand . Lower populations can be found in the north of Malaysia in the provinces of Kelantan , Perlis , Kedah and Perak , the former vassals of Siam (the predecessor of Thailand ).
history
In the first millennium, most of the Malay Peninsula fell to the Srivijaya Empire , whose center was probably on Sumatra . Indian traders influenced large parts of Southeast Asia and also the peninsula. Hindu and Buddhist shrines testify to the parallel influence of both religions in southern Thailand. After the collapse of Srivijaya, the kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat took over its place in the south of what is now Thailand, but became tribute to the Sukhothai . As a result of the Islamization of Malaysia, a new rift emerged between the southern Thais and the rest of the population of present-day Thailand. The sometimes harsh policy of Thaiization of the south and the prevailing poverty still contribute to violent actions against the government in Bangkok and its representatives in the south.
The southern Thai language is actually a pure spoken language that has not been recorded. Today, however, the letters of the Thai script are used for records .
Comparison with the Thai language
Although the southern Thai is not very different from the standard Thai, communication problems can occasionally occur. This is due to a changed tonality of many words and other word accents compared to the standard Thai language. In some areas of southern Thailand up to seven different tones are used, which makes it difficult to understand (standard Thai only has five tones). The vocabulary is also strongly influenced by the Malay language (or the dialect of Pattani ), Chinese and the Mon language. In contrast to everyday Thai language, the ร is spoken as / r / and not as / l /.
| Dambro | Thai | German | Dambro | Thai | German |
| ห ร่อย [ rɔːj ] | อร่อย [ aʔrɔ̀ːj ] | delicious | ม่าย [ maːj ] | ไหม [ mǎj ] | Question particle |
| แห ลง [ lɛːŋ ] | พูด [ pʰûːt ] | speak | จัง หู้ [ tɕaŋhuː ] | มาก [ mâːk ] | a lot, often |
| ลี้ ปรี [ liːpriː ] | พริก [ prik ] | chili | ห ลุ หละ [ lulaʔ ] | สกปรก [ sòk.ka.pròk ] | dirty |
| ห ย้ บ [ jop ] | ยี่สิบ [ jîːsìp ] | twenty | บาย [ baːj ] | สบาย [ saʔbaːj ] | feel good |
| ยา นัด [ jaːnát ] | สับปะรด [ sàp.paʔ.rót ] | pineapple | นา กา [ naːkaː ] | นาฬิกา [ naːlí.kaː ] | Clock |
| ขี้ มัน [ kʰiːman ] | ขี้ เหนียว [ kʰîːnǐaw ] | stingy | พรือ [ pʰrɯːa ] | อะไร [ aʔraj ] | What? |
| ยัง [ yesŋ ] | มี [ miː ] | to have | แค [ kʰɛː ] | ใกล้ [ klâj ] | close |
| พี่ บ่าว [ pʰiːbaːw ] | พี่ ชาย [ pʰîːtɕʰaːj ] | older brother | เกือก [ kɯːak ] | รองเท้า [ rɔːŋtʰáːw ] | shoe |
| ต อ เช้า [ tɔ.tɕʰaw ] | พรุ่งนี้ [ pʰrûŋ.níː ] | tomorrow | พร้าว [ praw ] | มะพร้าว [ máʔ.pʰráːw ] | coconut |
| ห ลาด [ laːt ] | ตลาด [ taʔ.làːt ] | market | ตู [ doː ] | ประตู [ pʰraʔ.tuː ] | door |
| แล [ lɛː ] | ดู [ youː ] | see | นาย หัว [ naːj.hua ] | หัวหน้า [ hǔa.nâː ] | supervisor |
literature
- Fang Kuei Li: A Handbook of Comparative Tai (= Oceanic Linguistics. Special Publication. 15). University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu HI 1977, ISBN 0-8248-0540-2 .
Web links
- Entry in Ethnologue