Süphan Dağı

Süphan Dağı
	Süphan Dağı in October 2007
height	4058 m
location	Ağrı , Bitlis ( Turkey )
Mountains	Armenian highlands
Coordinates	38 ° 55 '54 " N , 42 ° 50' 3" E Coordinates: 38 ° 55 '54 " N , 42 ° 50' 3" E
Type	Stratovolcano
Last eruption	8000 BC Chr.
Normal way	over east side

The Süphan Dağı ( Kurdish Çiyayê Sîpan, Armenian Սիփան Սար ) is a 4058 meter high mountain in eastern Anatolia in Turkey . It is located on the north bank of Lake Van on the border of the two provinces of Ağrı and Bitlis . Its summit is covered with snow all year round.

history

The Urartian name of the mountain was Eidoru , he was worshiped as a god. The inscription by Meher Kapısı from the time of King Menua names the mountain as the recipient of animal sacrifices, and in the fortress Rusahinili Eidorukai , Rusahinili in front of Mount Eidoru, an inscription by Rusa , son of Argišti , also mentions animal sacrifices on the mountain. In ancient Armenian sources the mountain is called Nekh Masis (Nech Masis), Masis , "big (mountain)". With the suffix Nekh he was appointed by Azat Masis ( azat , "noble", "free"), the Ararat distinguished. In early Christian times, both were considered the highest mountains in the Flood myth . The Armenian name Masis is now reserved for the Ararat and a nearby city ( Masis ).

Ascent

The extinct volcano towers over the whole area and is known among mountaineers for a beautiful view over the eastern mountain ranges of the Taurus Mountains and the upper reaches of the Euphrates (Turkish Fırat ).

Within a radius of 200 km, its height is only exceeded by the Ararat ( Agri Dağı , 5137 m ), which lies on the border with Armenia .

An ascent is recommended from the east side in the months of June to September. During the entire ascent, there is a clear view of Lake Van. Since Lake Van is already 1600 meters above sea level, you can spend the night in a camp at 3200 m.

raw materials

The Süphan Dağı has important deposits of black, homogeneous obsidian that have been used since the Neolithic . The material was also proven in the Chalcolithic layers of Arslantepe near Malatya .

literature

M. James Blackman: Provenance Studies of Middle Eastern Obsidian from Sites in Highland Iran. In: Joseph B. Lambert (Ed.): Archaeological Chemistry III. Based on a Symposium sponsored by the Division of the History of Chemistry at the 184th meeting of the American Chemical Society, Kansas City, Missouri, September 12-17, 1982 (= Advances in Chemistry Series. 205). American Chemical Society, Washington DC 1984, ISBN 0-8412-0767-4 , pp. 19-50, doi: 10.1021 / ba-1984-0205.ch002 .
Christine Chataigner, Jean-Louis Poidevin, Nicolas O. Arnaud: Turkish occurrences of obsidian and use by prehistoric peoples in the Near East from 14,000 to 6000 BP. In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 85, 1998, pp. 517-537, doi: 10.1016 / S0377-0273 (98) 00069-9 .
Joerg Keller, Carola Seifried: The present status of obsidian source identification in Anatolia and the Near East. In: Claude Albore Livadie, François Widemann: Volcanology and archeology. = Volcanologie et archeologie (= Revue du Groupe Européen d'Etudes pour les Techniques Physiques, Chimiques, Biologiques et Mathématiques Appliquées à l'Archéologie. 25, ISSN 0257-8727 ). Counseil de l'Europe, Strasbourg 1990, pp. 58-87.
Azizeh Mahdavi, Charles Bovington: Neutron Activation Analysis of some Obsidian Samples from geological and archaeological sites. In: Iran. Vol. 10, 1972, pp. 148-151, doi: 10.2307 / 4300472 .
Yücel Yılmaz, Yılmaz Güner, Fuat Şaroğlu: Geology of the quaternary volcanic centers of the east Anatolia. In: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. Vol. 85, 1998, pp. 173-210, doi: 10.1016 / S0377-0273 (98) 00055-9 .

Web links

Commons : Süphan Dağı - collection of images, videos and audio files

360 ° panorama
photos
Süphan Dağı in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)

Individual evidence

↑ Turkey map of the Faculty of Geography at Ankara University
↑ Mirjo Savini: The historical background of the Urartian monument of Meher Kapısı. In: Altan Çilingiroğlu, David H. French (Ed.): Anatolian Iron Ages 3. The Proceedings of the Third Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at Van, 6–12 August 1990. (= British Institute of Archeology at Ankara. Monograph. 16 ). Oxbow et al. a., Oxford et al. a. 1994, ISBN 1-898249-05-9 , pp. 205-208
↑ Altan Çilingiroǧlu: Recent excavations at the Uratian Fortress of Ayanis. In: Adam T. Smith, Karen S. Rubinson (Eds.): Archeology in the Borderlands. Investigations in Caucasia and beyond (= Cotsen Institute of Archeology, University of California. Monograph. 47). University of California - Cotsen Institute of Archeology, Los Angeles CA 2003, ISBN 1-931745-01-3 , pp. 197-212, here p. 208.
↑ James R. Russell: Armeno-Iranica. In: Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin , Pierre Lecoq (Red.): Papers in Honor of Professor Mary Boyce (= Acta Iranica. 25 = Acta Iranica. Série 2: Hommages et opera minora. 11, ZDB -ID 1176038-2 ). Volume 2. EJ Brill, Leiden 1985, ISBN 90-6831-002-X , pp. 455-457.
^ A. Taddeucci, AM Palmieri, L. Malpieri, M. Fornaseri: Analyzes of Obsidians from the late Chalcolithic Levels of Arslantepe (Malatya). In: Paléorient. Vol. 3. 1975, pp. 231-246, doi: 10.3406 / paleo.1975.4199 .

[Karte-1] Turkey map of the Faculty of Geography at Ankara University

[2] Mirjo Savini: The historical background of the Urartian monument of Meher Kapısı. In: Altan Çilingiroğlu, David H. French (Ed.): Anatolian Iron Ages 3. The Proceedings of the Third Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium held at Van, 6–12 August 1990. (= British Institute of Archeology at Ankara. Monograph. 16 ). Oxbow et al. a., Oxford et al. a. 1994, ISBN 1-898249-05-9 , pp. 205-208

[3] Altan Çilingiroǧlu: Recent excavations at the Uratian Fortress of Ayanis. In: Adam T. Smith, Karen S. Rubinson (Eds.): Archeology in the Borderlands. Investigations in Caucasia and beyond (= Cotsen Institute of Archeology, University of California. Monograph. 47). University of California - Cotsen Institute of Archeology, Los Angeles CA 2003, ISBN 1-931745-01-3 , pp. 197-212, here p. 208.

[4] James R. Russell: Armeno-Iranica. In: Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin , Pierre Lecoq (Red.): Papers in Honor of Professor Mary Boyce (= Acta Iranica. 25 = Acta Iranica. Série 2: Hommages et opera minora. 11, ZDB -ID 1176038-2 ). Volume 2. EJ Brill, Leiden 1985, ISBN 90-6831-002-X , pp. 455-457.

[5] A. Taddeucci, AM Palmieri, L. Malpieri, M. Fornaseri: Analyzes of Obsidians from the late Chalcolithic Levels of Arslantepe (Malatya). In: Paléorient. Vol. 3. 1975, pp. 231-246, doi: 10.3406 / paleo.1975.4199 .