Sad Janka Kráľa
The Sad Janka Kráľa (literally Janko-Kráľ-Park / garden; the former name Städtischer Aupark ) is a park in Bratislava (German: Pressburg, Hungarian: Pozsony ) the 42- hectare park is located in the Petržalka district . In the north it is bordered by the Danube , in the east by the approach to the Old Bridge ( Starý most ), in the south by Einsteinova Street and the D1 motorway and in the west by the approach to the bridge of the Slovak National Uprising ( Most SNP or officially until 2012 Nový most ). The park has been named after the Slovak poet Janko Kráľ since 1945 .
Naming
Even today, the Aupark is one of the oldest publicly accessible parks in Europe. Its previous names were: 18th century - mid 19th century Bruck (en) au , Bruck (en) -Au (g) e (r) l ; around 1850 in the Au ; approx. 1867 - approx. 1921 German Aupark , Hungarian Ligeti díszkert ; approx. 1921–1932 in Slovak Petržalské sady ; 1932–1945 in Slovak Tyršove sady . From 1945 he was given the name Sad Janka Kráľa .
history
From time immemorial, Pressburg has had a highly developed garden culture. The presence of the aristocracy settled here and the old and cultivated, mostly German-speaking bourgeoisie played a decisive role in the intellectual life of Pressburg, plus the radiating effect of the nearby Vienna. It was therefore no coincidence that the citizens of Pressburg founded one of the first landscape parks not only of the former Kingdom of Hungary , but also of Europe here.
The park in the years 1774 to 1776. In 1832, created the designed from Saxony native Viennese court gardener and "horticulturist" Karl Ritter (* 1797, † after 1843) the park fundamentally about. He formed a park in the English landscape style .
Influenced by the French Baroque , the paths were built in the shape of an eight-pointed star. Each path is named after a certain type of tree and is lined with it (e.g. alder , maple or willow ). The park got its current size in 1839.
A new chapter in the history of the municipal Aupark began when its care was taken over by the Pressburg Beautification Association founded in 1868 . The association considered the maintenance and beautification of the park as one of its main goals. In 1868 a glass house was built here and a nursery in the north-western corner of the park, which also supplied the other parks in the city with plant material. Between 1868 and 1871, according to plans by the city engineer Anton Sendlein, a "Korsoweg" was laid out to encourage visits by the noble classes. This "parade" consisted of a wide carriage path and a narrow bridle path.
In the course of the years all sorts of ornaments increased in the park: small statues, vases, benches, round benches around several trees. In 1896 millennium celebrations were held throughout the Kingdom of Hungary (in memory of the 1000th anniversary of the founding of the Hungarian state). In that year the decision was made to use the stones of the dismantled tower of the Pressburg Franciscan Church to assemble a building that was to serve as a millennium monument.
In 1825 the Karolinenbrücke was built, which now also directly connected the Aupark with the city on the left bank of the Danube. The construction of this bridge also meant that on the left bank of the Danube, in the immediate vicinity of the bridgehead, a terrace coffee house in the classicism style was built in 1827 , which was named Aukaffee . This coffee was torn down in 1966 by the then rulers of communist Czechoslovakia for no reason.
In the 1890s, after the fire in the "Alte Arena", a new summer theater was built, also made of wood. In 1891 the Kaiser Franz Joseph Bridge was built at the eastern end of the Aupark . then the old Karolinenbrücke, now unnecessary, was dismantled. The connection between the city of Pressburg and the Aupark was now secured by a screw steamer ("propeller").
As in so many other urban parks of modern times, a large-scale "Agricultural State Exhibition" was held in Aupark in 1902, which caused a considerable sensation in the whole of old Hungary.
After the First World War , Pressburg was incorporated into the newly founded Czecho-Slovakia . Due to the change in the political situation, the marble statue of the Hungarian national poet Sándor Petőfi had to be removed from downtown Pressburg and was housed in the Aupark for a while.
The grounds were redesigned in the 1970s, but the park essentially still exists today. After the Second World War he was named after the Slovak poet Janko Kráľ , whose statue was placed in the center of the complex.
In the vicinity of the park, on its eastern edge, is now the Arena Theater . The former Petržalka Stadium was demolished in 2012. In the south of the park is the shopping center that bears the former German name of the park Aupark .
literature
László Fogarassy: Ligetfalu és a Pozsonyi hídfő története, Madách-Posonium 1995, ISBN 80-7089-242-0 (Hungarian)
Géza Hajós: City parks in the Austrian monarchy 1765-1918 , Böhlau Verlag Wien-Cologne-Weimar 2007, ISBN 978-3-205-77638-3
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bratislava bude mať opäť Most SNP, SME, accessed on September 26, 2016
- ↑ a b Géza Hajós: City parks ..., p. 150ff (see literature)
- ↑ a b see note 6 in the article Námestie Ľudovíta Štúra
- ↑ Fogarassy: Ligetfalu ..., p. 35 (see literature)
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 5 ″ N , 17 ° 6 ′ 40 ″ E
