Saint-Martin d'Autun

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Saint Martin Abbey Church (1741)

The Abbey of Saint-Martin in Autun was a Benedictine monastery directly subordinate to Rome , which was founded by the Frankish Queen Brunichild and Syagrius, Bishop of Autun . The abbey was located to the northeast and outside the city walls, around 400 m from the Porte Saint-André in today's district of Saint-Pantaléon , between the banks of the Arroux on the one hand and the north side of the Roman road to Langres , Beaune and Besançon on the other.

history

At the time of Queen Brunichild († 613) and Bishop Syagrius († probably 600), the first three royal abbeys were founded in Autun, the abbeys of Saint-Andoche and Sainte-Marie-et-Saint-Jean-le-Grand within the city as well as the Abbey of Saint Martin outside; In addition, there was the Saint-Symphorien Abbey in the Saint-Martins neighborhood, which is attested about 150 years earlier and was then under Saint-Martin from 910. The founding is attested by a letter from Pope Gregory the Great to the three abbeys from the year 602. These abbeys housed a large number of participants in the councils held in Autun in 650, 1065, 1077 and 1094.

Saint-Martin was built on the site of a Roman temple that Bishop Martin of Tours had destroyed. The abbey was intended for around 300 monks, so its size is assumed to be around 12 hectares.

  • Around 589: foundation of the abbey
  • 602: Letter from Pope Gregory to the three royal abbeys of Autun
  • 613: Brunichild dies, she is buried in Saint-Martin
  • 650: Council of Autun
  • 731: Saracen attack , the abbey is abandoned
  • 859: Reopening as a Benedictine abbey , for which 18 monks from the Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe abbey were sent to Saint-Martin, a branch of Anianes, including the new abbot Arnulf.
  • 878–880: Destruction of the abbey in the conflict between Charles the Bald and Boso von Vienne
  • 885: Charles the Bald arranges for the abbey to be rebuilt
  • 909/910: The monk Berno von Baume , a monk in Saint-Martin in the 880s, becomes the first abbot of Cluny
  • 1058: Pope Nicholas II subordinates Saint-Martin directly to the Holy See
  • 1065: Council of Autun
  • 1077: Council of Autun
  • 1094: Council of Autun
  • 1236: The abbey decides to surround itself with a wall
  • 1369: Autun and the surrounding area are burned down
  • 1570: Partial destruction of the abbey by Gaspard II. De Coligny ; a little later the fortifications are razed.
  • 1635: The Maurinians take over the abbey
  • 1740–1742: The abbey is rebuilt
  • 1793: The abbey is sold as national property; it is used as an arms factory
  • 1976/77: The city of Autun has the abbey restored

architecture

The abbey has almost completely disappeared; some remains of the outbuildings have been restored. The medieval structure was already lost in the course of the new building in the years 1740–1742; Instead, a clearly structured baroque-classical church with two towers was created, which disappeared during and after the French Revolution .

Some abbots

literature

Remarks

  1. ^ MGH Epistolarum, Volume 2 XIII 12 and XIII 13.
  2. ^ Roland Niaux, Saint-Pantaléon, abbaye de Saint-Martin
  3. ↑ Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Martin d'Autun, Charter No. 50
  4. ↑ Les Petits Bollandistes: "La Vie des Saints" Volume X.

Coordinates: 46 ° 57 ′ 53 ″  N , 4 ° 18 ′ 28 ″  E