Sokarhor

Name of Sokarhor
Sideline	Tsches-pedjut Ṯz-pḏwt Who binds the arch people
Gold name	Iri-tasch-ef Jrj-t3š.f Who established his frontier
Proper name	Heka chasut Seker Her Ḥq3 ḫ3swt Skr Hr ( ruler of foreign lands ) Sikru-Haddu Commemoration of (god) Haddu

Sokarhor (also Sokar-Hor, Sakarher, Sekerher, Sikruhaddu, Sikru-Haddu ) was an unknown ancient Egyptian king ( pharaoh ) of the Second Intermediate Period . Its exact classification is uncertain. After Thomas Schneider, he presumably ruled in the 15th dynasty .

supporting documents

So far, Sakarher is only known from the fragment of a limestone door post from Tell el-Daba . This was found in 1993 by Manfred Bietak in a building from the 18th dynasty and contained the title of the king.

classification

The chronological classification of the ruler creates difficulties. Contrary to popular belief, the title Hyksos ( heka-chasut - ruler of foreign lands) is hardly ever used for kings of the Second Intermediate Period. As a rule, they are all called the son of Re ( Sa Ra ) or “Good God” ( Netscher nefer ). The only exception is Chajan , who appears on some monuments as heka-chasut , on others with the classic titles of an Egyptian ruler, but never with both titulatures together. Ryholt therefore suspects that Chajan held the one title of civil servant, the title of king just after ascending the throne. He tentatively classifies Sokarhor as his predecessor, who ruled at a time when the royal titulature of the Hyksos was not yet fully adapted to the traditional Egyptian titulature .

According to Ryholt, Sokarhor's predecessors are Semqen and Aperanat .

Surname

The king's title on the door beam from Tell el-Daba does not contain the name of Horus . His proper name is enclosed in a cartouche , but is not preceded by the title of son of Re , but rather heka-chasut , Hyksos (ruler of foreign lands). This is the first evidence of the title “Hyksos” on a monument in front of a king's name that was previously only known from scarabs and the Turin royal papyrus . It is followed by the Nebti and the Gold Horus name.

His name Sikruhaddu is written in Egyptian hieroglyphics as Skr-Hr , which means commemoration of the (god) Hadad (Haddu) in north-western Semitic . Thomas Schneider suspects that the name Sikruhaddu is to be seen as that of Archles in the Manetho list .

literature

• Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300-1069 BC). Bannerstone Press, London 2008, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9 , p. 346, → Sakir-Har.
• Manfred Bietak , in: I. Hein (Hrsg.): Pharaonen und Fremde. Dynasties in the dark. Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-85202-1156-2 , pp. 150–52, cat. No. 126.
• Kim Ryholt : The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800-1550 BC (= The Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications. Vol. 20, ISSN  0902-5499 ). The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, Copenhagen 1997, ISBN 87-7289-421-0 , pp. 120-23, 383 (File 15/3).
• Thomas Schneider : Lexicon of the Pharaohs. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3 , p. 275.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Jürgen von Beckerath: Handbook of the Egyptian king names. P. 117.
2. ↑ after Jürgen von Beckerath : Handbook of Egyptian King Names (= Munich Egyptological Studies. Vol. 20). Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich a. a. 1984, ISBN 3-422-00832-2 , p. 116, the "Z" ("S" in Unicode representation) at the beginning of the reading is uncertain
3. ↑ ^{a b} Thomas Schneider: Lexicon of the Pharaohs. P. 275
4. ↑ Bietak, op. Cit., Whereby the author assumes that the r was read as d before the New Kingdom ; see. also Alexandra von Lieven : From the Old Kingdom to the Second Intermediate Period Cryptography in the Old and Middle Kingdom In: Alexandra von Lieven: Plan of the course of the stars - the so-called Groove book . The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Ancient Eastern Studies (et al.), Copenhagen 2007, ISBN 978-87-635-0406-5 , p. 32.
5. ↑ Ryholt: The Political Situation , pp. 123–125
6. ↑ Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. P. 346.

predecessor	Office	successor
unsure	Pharaoh of Egypt 15th Dynasty	unsure