Sake (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

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sake
Sake (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
sake
sake
Coordinates 1 ° 34 ′  S , 29 ° 2 ′  E Coordinates: 1 ° 34 ′  S , 29 ° 2 ′  E
Basic data
Country Democratic Republic of Congo

province

North Kivu
ISO 3166-2 CD-NK
height 1500 m
Residents 17,151 (2004)
SakeVOA.jpg

Sake is a city in Masisi Territory in North Kivu Province in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo on the border with South Kivu . It is located on a northern bay of Lake Kivu , about 25 km west-northwest of the provincial capital Goma , on the edge of a lava field at an altitude of about 1,500 m in a valley of the Albertine Rift Valley , near the southern end of the Virunga National Park .

geography

Sake is located on route national 2 ( RN2 ), which leads east-southeast through the Virunga National Park to nearby Goma with an international airport, in the other direction the national road leads south-southwest across the border to South Kivu and on to Lake Kivi along to Bukavu , the capital of South Kivu. In Sake, route provinciale 529 begins, starting from the RN2 , which crosses Masisi , the capital of the territory, and ends at the RN3 in Walikal , capital of the territory of the same name , and which is in poor condition (as of August 2011, according to state assessment) route provinciale 1030 that joins the RN2 towards Lubero , capital of the Lubero Territory .

The lava comes from the Virunga volcanoes Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira , which lie in a north-easterly direction within a 25 km radius and some smaller flank volcanoes . The Tshove and the Rumoka , flank volcanoes of the Nyamuragira, are within approx. 8 km distance . The lava overflowed parts of the national road in the direction of Goma and reached Lake Kivu, completely separating an approx. 1 km² water area, directly adjacent to Sake, from the Bay of Lake Kivu. The water surface, which connects the bay with the rest of Lake Kivu, is only about 160 m wide at the narrowest point.

history

During the refugee crisis in the Great Lakes region following the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 , sake housed Rwandan refugees. In 2002 around 20,000 Goma residents fled to Sake due to the eruption of the Nyiragongo. Fighting between government troops and fighters under Laurent Nkunda drove thousands of residents to flight from August 2006. In the course of Nkunda's offensive against government army positions in Sake on November 25, 2006 and the takeover by Nkunda, between 15,000 and 20,000 residents of Sake and the surrounding area fled. That was three days before the Supreme Court of the Democratic Republic of the Congo dismissed the contestation of the election result for election fraud. By November 27, the government army, together with UN troops , was able to regain control of the MONUC sake.

On November 21, 2012, the March 23 Movement ( M23 ) took control of sake. The next day there was fighting with government troops near the city, whereupon thousands of residents fled in the direction of Goma, which had been taken by the M23 on November 20th. In the run-up to the capture, there was also fighting between the M23 and its military arm, the ARC, with the Maï-Maï Nyatura (see also Mai-Mai ). After two resolutions of the UN Security Council and an ultimatum given by the International Conference of the Great Lakes Region ( ICGLR ) to withdraw up to 20 km behind Goma by November 26, the M23 left the city on Friday, November 30th. The following day the city, which was supposed to be handed over to ICGLR forces, was taken over by fighters of the Maï-Maï Nyatura. However, forces from the government army arrived in sake that same weekend.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Territoire de Masisi, République Démocratique du Congo - Camp des personnes déplacées internes. (No longer available online.) Internal Displacement Monitoring Center, February 2012, formerly the original ; accessed on December 2, 2012 (the map can be found in the list sorted by date under February 2012).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / internal-displacement.org  
  2. ↑ Pacheco Kavundama: RDC: la société civile de Sake contre la guerre du M23. (No longer available online.) Radio Kivu 1, July 23, 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 16, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.echos-grandslacs.info  
  3. ↑ a b DR Congo: Volcano - IRIN: 23-Jan-02. IRIN , January 23, 2002, archived from the original on September 27, 2007 ; Retrieved December 1, 2012 .
  4. ↑ Map of Virunga National Park. Virunga National Park, July 10, 2008, accessed December 2, 2012 .
  5. ↑ ETAT DU RESEAU D'INTERET GENERAL DE LA RDC. (No longer available online.) Ministère des Infrastructures, Travaux Publics et Reconstruction, February 8, 2012, formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 27, 2013 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / celluleinfra.org  
  6. ^ Sarah Colclough: Investigations of Nyamuragira and Nyiragongo volcanoes (Democratic Republic of the Congo) using InSAR. (PDF; 1.0 MB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved December 1, 2012 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / earth.esa.int  
  7. ^ Nyiragongo Volcano - Democratic Republic of Congo. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, January 25, 2002, accessed December 1, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Nyamuragira. Global Volcanism Program, accessed December 1, 2012 .
  9. ^ Thousands flee rebel attack in east DR Congo. ABC News , November 26, 2006, accessed December 1, 2012 .
  10. ^ RDC: L'armée congolaise et les forces de la Monuc represent la ville de Sake. IRIN archived from the original on January 12, 2007 ; Retrieved December 2, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Séverine Autesserre: The Trouble with the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding . Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-19100-5 , pp. 277 ( google.de ).
  12. ↑ Willem Jaspers: Peace Report 2007 . Lit Verlag , Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-8258-0429-9 , The challenges in the Congo are only just beginning, p. 283 ( google.de ).
  13. ↑ a b North Kivu: le M23 occupe la cité de Sake. Radio Okapi , November 21, 2012, accessed December 2, 2012 .
  14. ↑ Dominic Johnson and Simone Schlindwein: Fight against the rebels. The daily newspaper , November 22, 2012, accessed on December 2, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Simone Schlindwein: Don't fight for Goma again. The daily newspaper , November 29, 2012, accessed on December 2, 2012 .
  16. ↑ North Kivu: les miliciens Maï-Maï occupent Sake après le départ des rebelles du M23. Radio Okapi , December 1, 2012, accessed December 1, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Sake: les activités reprennent après le retrait du M23. Radio Okapi , December 4, 2012, accessed December 5, 2012 .