Salamone Rossi

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Salamone Rossi ( Hebrew סלומונה רוסי or שלמה מן האדומים; also Solomone Rossi , Salamon , Schlomo ; de 'Rossi ; * around 1570; † around 1630) was an Italian violinist and composer of the early Baroque era .

Life

Salamone Rossi came from the long-established Italian- Jewish family of the de Rossi s ( Me-Ha-Adumim ), which traced its origins back to the time of exile under Titus . As a young man he made a name for himself as a violinist. In 1587 he was initially employed as a singer and violinist by Vincenzo I. Gonzaga at the court of Mantua, where his sister Europa was already active as a singer. He quickly rose to the position of Kapellmeister and made an appearance through instrumental and vocal compositions. Rossi initially pursued the great role model Claudio Monteverdi and published a volume with 19 three-part canzonetti in 1589. These are dance-like pieces for singing or playing, like Balletto and Villanelle, much less demanding than the artistic madrigal . He kept his position as a violinist until 1622. Rossi's traces are lost after 1628; it is believed that he was killed in the Austrian invasion during the War of the Mantuan Succession , either from the associated anti-Semitic riots or from the epidemics that followed.

plant

Salomone Rossi: Madrigaletti (1628)

Salamone Rossi achieved his greatest successes with his instrumental music. In 1589 he published a volume with 19 three-part canzonetti . In 1607 and 1608 he published two volumes with three- and four-part symphonies and gagliards, shorter, rather simple, mostly two-part pieces. His “Terzo Libro” (1613) and “Quarto Libro” (1622), on the other hand, already contain pieces called “Sonata” through which Rossi can be regarded as the “inventor” of the baroque trio sonata , that is, the sonata in the classical instrumentation for two melodic instruments (with Rossi violins or Zinken ) and basso continuo .

Rossi also wanted to express his faith musically, in his own words “to glorify the beauty of King David's songs according to the rules of music” . Through his friendship with Leone da Modena , who declared polyphonic choral music in the synagogue by a rabbinical decree in 1605, he was encouraged to compose appropriate compositions. In 1623 his songs Solomos ( Ha-Shirim Asher li-Shelomoh ) appeared, which also contain an eight-part setting of Adon Olam and two versions of the Kaddish prayer . Stylistically they belong to the early baroque music , whereby choral psalmody is combined with the polychoral character of Andrea and Giovanni Gabrieli . These compositions were intended to celebrate special Sabbath and feast days in the synagogue .

Rediscovery

More than 200 years after Rossi's death, Baron Edmond de Rothschild was able to collect a total of 52 complete works by Rossi on a trip to Italy, which he bought and left to the cantor of the great synagogue in Paris, Samuel Naumbourg . It would take another 100 years before Rossi's works were available to musicology.

literature

  • Don Harrán : Salamone Rossi: Jewish Musician in Late Renaissance Mantua . New York: Oxford University Press, 1999
  • Judith Haug: Hebrew Text - Italian Music. Speech treatment in Salomone Rossi's psalm settings (1622/23). In: Archives for Musicology . 64th year, H. 2., 2007, pp. 105-135.
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Salamone Rossi. Renaissance composer of Jewish music , Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich , 2016, ISBN 978-3-95565-186-2 (Jewish miniatures vol. 196)
  • Matthias Kirsch: Mantuaner Sinfonia: Studies on the symphonies Salamone Rossi, Giovanni Battista Buonamentes and Marco Uccellinis , Diss. Kiel 2010, online publication via the University Library Kiel: [1]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Abraham Zvi Idelsohn : Jewish Music in its Historical Development , Henry Holt & Company, 1929, p. 198
personal data
SURNAME Rossi, salamone
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rossi Ebreo, Salamone de; Rossi, Solomon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian composer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1570
DATE OF DEATH around 1630