Solomon Fiorentino

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Memorial plaque at the place where Fiorentinos lived and died in Florence in Via delle Oche 35

Salomone Fiorentino (born March 4, 1743 in Monte San Savino , † February 4, 1815 in Florence ) was an Italian-Jewish poet.

Life

His father Leone came from Rome and ran a fabric shop in Arezzo together with his wife, Elena d'Urbino. To study Salomone Fiorentino went to the Collegio Tolomei in Siena . After completing his studies, he returned to Arezzo to continue his father's fabric trade. From 1765 to 1775 he worked as court poet at the court of Grand Duke Leopold II. In 1785 he enrolled in the Accademia degli Infecondi in Prato , later he studied at the Accademia Fiorentina . After moving to Cortona , he married Laura Gallico there in 1768, whom he had met in Florence. Her death after an illness in 1790 plunged Fiorentino into a personal crisis from which the poems of the elegy ( lamentation poems ) emerged. In 1794 he married the second time, this time a widow named Gentili, with whom he returned to Monte San Savino a year later. On May 6, 1799, the community of Jews in his hometown of Monte San Savino was finally expelled from the city by the Viva Maria movement, which was another important turning point in his life. His house and business were looted and set on fire. He first sought refuge in Siena, where a few days before his arrival in Piazza del Campo, thirteen Jews died at the stake , including a person named Fiorentino, probably a relative of Solomon. On July 30th, he was forced to move to Via delle Oche 35 in Florence, which was occupied by Napoleonic troops at that time . Here he received the support of the French general Miollis and was able to operate in the fabric trade and penetrate the literary circles of the city, where he met Vittorio Alfieri . Due to economic difficulties, he accepted an offer from the Jewish University of Livorno shortly afterwards , where he lived until 1808. He then returned to Florence, where he died in 1815, dismayed by the death of his second wife.

Act

His first work Elegy was first published in Arezzo in 1790 and contained the poems La malattia , La morte and La visione , always related to the death of his first wife. The work was published in Florence in the same and the following year in the same form. It was not until the fourth edition in Parma, 1801, that the poem La rimembranza was added with his consent . The first release of the applied as a collection of poems poetry originated in 1803 in Pisa . These include the sonnets of Leopold II, at whose court he worked until 1785 and who abolished the death penalty and torture as a result of a judicial reform in 1786 and is therefore discussed in these verses. Further components of the poetry are the poems La notte d'Etruria (also related to Leopold II), Sul medesimo argomento and Morte di Annibale (sonnets 22 and 23). In addition to the twenty-three sonnets, the collection of poems contains the elegies, which have now grown to six, as a reminder of his deceased first wife. The elegies five and six, Il tempo and Per il suicidio di Neera were newly published . The poems I pericoli della gioventù , La penitenza giovanile and five odes have also been added to the work. In 1802 he published the Orazioni quotidiane per uso degli Ebrei spagnoli e portoghesi (Daily Prayer Book for Spanish and Portuguese Jews) for the Livornese Jewish community . The edition contains the three daily prayers, the Saturday prayer and the prayer at the beginning of the month (tre orazioni giornaliere, quella del sabbato e del capo di mese). His work La spiriualità e l'immortalità dell'anima , written in his youth, was first published in the expanded Livornese edition of Poesie (1815) and six years later it was printed in Milan as a separate edition. The Livornese edition of the poetry was republished in Florence in 1818, 1823, 1832 and 1845. His work Giornata d'Austerlitz , written in forty terzines in 1805 , was only published posthumously in Livorno in 1840.

Works

  • Poetry , Nabu Press, reprint 2010, ISBN 978-1-178-23592-0
  • In occasione delle grandiose festivals state fatte nella città di Firenze per la gloriosa esaltazione al trono imperiale di SM Cesarea Apostolica Leopoldo II. Imperator de'romani re d'Ungheria e di Boemia granduca di Toscana &. &. al nobil uomo signore Tedice Mazzinghi patrizio fiorentino uno dei duo deputati alla direzione di dette festivities (1791)
  • Orazioni quotidiane per uso degli Ebrei spagnoli e portoghesi , Livorno 1802. Hebrew (In Latin and Hebrew script (square, vocalized). - Text Italian and Hebrew Appresso Antonio Schmid Vienna 1822)
  • Elegy in morte di Laura, sua moglie , Parma, Tipi Bodoniani 1801 (Firenze, Presso Grazioli, 1790)
  • Giornata d'Austerlitz , Livorno 1840
  • La spiriualità e l'immortalità dell'anima , double volume , Milan 1821
  • Tempio di Cnido , translation of the text Le Temple de Gnide by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu , Livorno 1806
  • Traduzioni in versi Latini di alcuni poetici componimenti Italiani , Bertini, Lucca 1813

literature

  • Gabriella Milan:  Fiorentino, Solomon. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 48:  Filoni-Forghieri. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1997, pp. 160-162.
  • Sergio Romagnoli: Salomone Fiorentino tra fede, impegno civile ed Elegia , in: Italia Judaica: Gli ebrei in Italia dalla segregazione alla prima emancipazione. Ministero per i beni culturali e ambientali, Pubblicazioni degli Archivi di Stato, Rome 1989, ISBN 88-7125-001-X , pp. 153-164
  • Roberto Salvadori: Salomone Fiorentino , in: Franco Cristelli, Arezzo e la Toscana. da Pietro Leopoldo a Leopoldo II, (1765-1859). Atti del convegno, Arezzo, 29 novembre - 1 dicembre 2005 , Protagon Editori, Colle di Val d'Elsa (Siena) 2007, ISBN 978-88-8024-202-4

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Fiorentino, Solomon
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian-Jewish poet
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1743
PLACE OF BIRTH Monte San Savino
DATE OF DEATH February 4, 1815
Place of death Florence