Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini (Naples)
| Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini, Complesso dei Pellegrini
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| Patronage : | trinity |
| Address: | Via Portamedina, Naples |
Coordinates: 40 ° 30 '18.4 " N , 14 ° 8' 42.3" O Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini (Italian: "Most Holy Trinity of Pilgrims ") is a church in the old town of Naples , in Via Portamedina.
In 2008 the Complesso Museale dei Pellegrini was founded in close association with the church , with valuable collections of liturgical vestments and implements, relics , paintings and sculptures. The Complesso also includes the small church of Santa Maria Mater Domini from the 16th century, with the grave of the founder Pignatelli.
history
The Complesso della Trinità dei Pellegrini , consisting of a church and hospital , was founded in the 16th century by the Knight of St. John Fabrizio Pignatelli di Monteleone. The hospital was initially intended for the numerous poor pilgrims (Pellegrini) who came to Naples; after 1700 it gradually shifted its activities more and more to the poor, destitute sick of the city.
The original church was built from 1564 to 1575 and with reference to a papal bull by Gregory XIII. designated as Santa Maria Materdomini on December 13, 1574 , was therefore consecrated to Mary as Mother of God; however, it was soon given the nickname “ de'poveri peregrini ” (“the poor pilgrims”) by the people. After the completion of the church, the construction of the hospital began.
After the death of Pignatelli (1577), his institution was united in 1582 with the Confraternita della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini , a charitable brotherhood that had originally been established in Rome by San Filippo Neri and re-established in Naples by Bernardo Giovino in 1578. The members of the brotherhood were (and still are) dressed in red.
Several restorations and renovations took place in the second half of the 18th century : in 1771 by Giuseppe Astarita and from 1792 to 1796 by Carlo Vanvitelli , to whom the church owes its current appearance. The hospital building was also enlarged in 1796 according to plans by Carlo Vanvitelli and Gaetano Barba. To make room for the extensions, some buildings in the immediate vicinity were demolished and part of a garden that the Pignatelli family had given to the brotherhood was also used.
description
The facade rises above a double flight of stairs , the two flanking statues by Angelo Viva represent the saints Filippo Neri and the Neapolitan national saint San Gennaro ( Januarius ).
The shape of the interior is not only rare, it is unique: it consists of two octagons connected by a rectangle . The first octagon is the nave , which merges into a rectangular and fairly deep presbytery ; behind it is (invisible) the oratorio as a second octagon. The walls of the church are structured by pilasters and columns of composite order.
Overall, during the new building from 1792 to 1796, as much as possible of the old structure was preserved and restored, but the church interior was slightly enlarged in width. The length corresponds to the original dimensions from the sixteenth century. Marble elements , parts of the floor, golden decorations and objects, the balustrade and the doors have also been preserved from the older, original building .
On the walls of the octagonal nave there are six paintings, almost all of which were created between 1651 and 1652 - with the exception of the Calvary by Andrea Vaccaro , who only came here as a gift to the Arch Brotherhood in the mid-18th century. The remaining five paintings are: Saint Anthony of Padua by Giacomo Farelli, the Holy Trinity appears to Saint Filippo Neri by Onofrio Palumbo , a Maria Immaculata by Marco Antonio del Santo, San Gennaro protects Naples from lightning by Onofrio Palumbo, and the death of Saint Joseph by Francesco Fracanzano . The pictures were revised during the enlargements of the late eighteenth century by a certain Giovanni Maria Grifou, who adapted the works (according to the usual customs of the time) to the new circumstances, not only changing the size, but possibly also more modern elements in the pictures were inserted.
The rectangular presbytery is slightly higher than the octagon of the nave; it is one of the parts of the building that were redesigned by Vanvitelli. The choice of columns instead of pilasters at this point is not only decorative, but also has a functional supportive meaning. The main altar was originally designed by Mario Gioffredo and restored by Carlo Vanvitelli, the sculptures of the Holy Trinity under the central open arch at the end of the room are in turn by Angelo Viva. The picture to the right of it, Saint Joseph with the baby Jesus , is ascribed to Paolo De Matteis , the Madonna and Child on the left probably comes from the school of Giuseppe Bonito .
The decor of the vaulted ceiling and the semi-dome is classicistic ; the fresco in the center of the dome is by Melchiorre De Gregorio and depicts “the eye of the Holy Trinity”. The 18th century floor made of white marble and bardiglio is exquisite; under the dome is a large 24- pointed star .
The choir was built in 1754 according to the designs of Giovanni Antonio Medrano with a rich decoration in gilded stucco and with paintings of the Four Evangelists by Paolo De Maio and a Madonna with the Most Holy Trinity by Francesco De Mura .
Inside is also the bust of Ferrante Maddalena, the king's first advisor, buried in the church in 1752.
In addition to the church, the Complesso also includes the aforementioned Oratorio della Congregazione della Trinità dei Pellegrini (with valuable wood carvings from the 17th century) and a chapel with a high altar made of polychrome marble.
Complesso Museale dei Pellegrini
The museum was founded in 2008, it is located in the historical adjoining rooms of the church, some of which are of interest in themselves, such as B. the Salone del Mandato. Valuable liturgical vestments, implements and relics are on display. There is also a collection of wood-carved colored Passion figures from the 16th and 17th centuries. The painting collection includes works by Bernardino Campi, Carlo Maratta, Andrea Vaccaro, Francesco Fracanzano, Onofrio Palumbo and Didier Barra, Giacomo Farelli, Francesco De Mura, Giuseppe Bonito and Giacinto Diano.
The oratorio
literature
- Vincenzo Regina: Le chiese di Napoli. Viaggio indimenticabile attraverso la storia artistica, architettonica, letteraria, civile e spirituale della Napoli sacra , Newton e Compton editore, Naples, 2004. (Italian)
- Alfonso D'Orsi: Le sculture della Passione. Memorie della settimana santa tra XVI e XVII secolo nell'Arciconfraternita dei Pellegrini di Napoli (Guide), Naples, 2012. (Italian)
See also
Web links
- Overall plan of the church and Complesso
- The “Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini” on the “napoligrafia” website , viewed on November 17, 2018 (Italian; main source for this article)
- Information about the Church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini on the “Arciconfraternità dei Pellegrini” website , viewed on November 11, 2018 (Italian; also source for this article)
- The "Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini (Napoli)" on Facebook , seen on November 17, 2018 (Italian)
- small video about the “Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini” in Naples on Youtube , seen on November 12, 2018
Individual notes
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q The “Chiesa della Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini” on the “napoligrafia” website , viewed on November 17, 2018
- ↑ a b c Website of the “Complesso museale dei Pellegrini” , viewed on November 11, 2018
- ↑ a b c d History of the Church and Hospital on "arciconfraternità dei Pellegrini-storia" , seen on November 11, 2018
- ↑ a b History of the Church and Hospital on "arciconfraternità dei Pellegrini-storia2" , seen on November 11, 2018
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Information about the Church of Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini on the “arciconfraternità dei Pellegrini” website , as viewed on November 11, 2018