Basilica Madonna di Tirano

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Basilica Madonna di Tirano
View from Santa Perpetua to Tirano
Banner about the Annunciation to Mario Homodei by the Virgin Mary
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organ
Side chapel of Our Lady - the central element of the sanctuary
Bells of the basilica

The Basilica Madonna di Tirano (also: Santuario della Madonna di Tirano ) is a Roman Catholic basilica in Tirano at the entrance of the Poschiavo , near the Swiss border in the Italian province of Sondrio , Lombardy region . The church belongs to the ecclesiastical region of Lombardy , the Diocese of Como , and is dedicated to Our Lady .

Location and history

The basilica - outside in the Renaissance style - is about 15 minutes' walk from the center of Tirano at the foot of the Santa Perpetua church . During the construction period, the basilica was outside the city walls. According to a legend, the church, consecrated in 1528, was commissioned by the Virgin Mary personally to the fig picker Mario Homodei. In return, she redeemed the city of Tirano and the surrounding area from the plague . Mario Homodei (also: Omodei ) said the Mother of God appeared at dawn on September 29, 1504, the feast of St. Michael, at the place where the basilica now stands (then a vegetable garden).

A makeshift chapel was built before the basilica was built. The foundation stone was laid on March 25, 1505 (the day of the Annunciation ). The Rodari brothers: Tommaso, Giacomo, Donato and Bernardino from Maroggia on Lake Lugano ( Ticino ) were probably the builders or were significantly involved in the execution. The building is said to have been designed by Tommaso Rodari . In 1513 the outer part of the basilica was completed. Numerous artists and craftsmen worked on the construction and expansion of the basilica in the following centuries. So z. B. Pompeo Bianchi senior (* around 1550 in Campione d'Italia; † after 1600 there), who was the engineer at the Dombauhütte in Como and built the dome of the pilgrimage church around 1580, or Giuseppe Bianchi (* around 1560 in Moltrasio; † after 1606 ibid?) who, as a plasterer, created the stucco work in the pilgrimage church in 1595 (in 1609 he was appointed cathedral architect in Como). The large portal was created between 1530 and 1534 by Alessandro della Scala , the brother of Tommaso Rodari, Giacomo Rodari is said to have designed the large windows and side doors. The basilica was blessed and consecrated on May 14, 1528 by the Bishop of Como, Cesare Trivulzio . Saint Charles Borromeo is said to have visited the basilica in 1580.

Pope Pius XI awarded the church the rank of minor basilica in 1927 . In 1946 Pope Pius XII proclaimed . that the Blessed Virgin of Tirano is the “special heavenly patron of all Valtellina ” (carved inscription in the church). In 2003 the basilica was declared a "diocesan shrine".

building

Outside

The basilica consists of a nave about 20 meters long and 14 meters wide with two side aisles and follows the plan of the Latin cross . The main portal faces away from the city (Viale Italia) and has several round windows. Construction of the bell tower began in 1578. This was not completed until 1641 by Pietro Marni from Bormio . In the lower part of the upper half of the church tower, in the direction of the city center (towards the Piazza Basilica), there is a clock with a clock face with Roman numerals, which is hardly visible today .

Inside

The interior - largely in the Baroque style - has a considerable number of paintings, sculptures , stucco elements and other decorative objects. Every available space in the basilica seems to be filled. The baroque style main altar was inlaid in 1748.

Opposite the richly decorated organ in a dark wooden case is the pulpit in a similar style and color scheme.

A special shrine with the Mother of God in the middle has two wings on which the two plague saints , St. Rochus on the left and St. Sebastian on the right , are depicted.

organ

The organ, which dominates the church interior and is provided with a richly carved wooden body, was started in 1608 by Giuseppe Bulgarini (1608–1617) from Brescia and completed in 1638 by G. Battista Salmoiraghi (1638–1650) from Milan .

Above the main portal on a gallery is another organ in a cream-colored case with pilasters and decorations.

sanctuary

The sanctuary in the basilica is the central place of religious importance of the pilgrimage church, which deserves special veneration and appreciation. The sanctuary ( Latin : Sanctuarium ) is visited daily by pilgrims and those seeking help and the Mother of God is invoked ( Marian shrine ).

Trivia

Next to the church is the Museo Etnografico Tiranese and in front of the church, the church square (Piazza Basilica), the Bernina Railway passes right by.

literature

  • AA. VV .: Ubi steterunt pedes Mariae. L'apparizione mariana e il santuario di Tirano , Diocesi di Como - Santuario della Madonna di Tirano.
  • Francesca Bormetti, Raffaele Casciaro, Federico Polini: Il Santuario della Madonna di Tirano nella Valtellina del cinquecento , Tirano 1996, Amilcare Pizzi.
  • Simone Cabasso: Miracoli della Madonna di Tirano , Vicenza 1601; Petruzio & Pirovano, Tirano 1938.
  • GA Cornacchi: Breve Istoria della miracolosissima Madonna di Tirano , Como 1621, Arcione; Petruzio & Pirovano, Tirano 1934.
  • GB Crotti: Dell'Apparizione di Maria Santissima in Tirano e del santuario ivi eretto , Milano 1858, Vallardi.
  • Gianluigi Garbellini: L'altare dell'Apparizione della Madonna di Tirano nella storia e nell'arte in Convivium, raccolta di studi in onore di Davide Pace , Villa di Tirano 1987, Poletti, pp. 39-94.
  • Gianluigi Garbellini: La Madonna di Tirano. Monumento di fede, di arte e di storia , Cooperativa Editoriale Quaderni Valtellinesi.
  • Gianluigi Garbellini: La Madonna di Tirano - Il moumentale organo secentesco , Cooperativa Editoriale Quaderni Valtellinesi.
  • Gianluigi Garbellini: Nel segno del Rinascimento, il santuario della Madonna di Tirano , Villa di Tirano 1996, Poletti.
  • A. Giussani: Il santuario della Madonna di Tirano nella storia e nell'arte , Como 1926, Ostinelli.
  • A. Giussani, L. Varischetti: La Madonna di Tirano e il suo santuario , Tirano 1964, Petruzio.
  • Maria Gabriella Martini: Il canto d'amore di Dio nei simboli del Tempio mariano - I portali , Edizioni “Terzo Millennio”.
  • Sanctuary “Madonna di Tirano” , Tirano 1062, Edition Santuario.
  • Saveria Masa: The “libro dei miracoli” della Madonna di Tirano . Società Storica Valtellinese.
  • GM Quadrio, Istoria memorabile della prodigiosa Apparizione di Maria SS.ma seguita in Valtellina nel borgo di Tirano , Milano 1753, Malatesta.
  • Philipp Wasserburg : Madonna di Tirano. A Veltliner story from the time of the Reformation . Mainz / Kirchheim 1888.
  • S. Xeres: Ubi steterunt pedes Mariae. L'apparizione mariana e il santuario di Tirano, a cura di S. Xeres . Sondrio 2005, Bettini.
  • Ennio Zala: Da Santa Maria della Sanitate al Ponte della Folla, alla Miracolosissima Madonna di Tirano . Società Storica Valtellinese.
  • Ennio Zala: De nostra Signora della salute alla Miracolosissima Madonna di Tirano , origins and developments of a cult of Mary in the Rhaetian Alps in the 16th and 17th centuries . In: Swiss Journal of Religious and Cultural History / Revue suisse d'histoire religieuse et culturelle / Rivista svizzera di storia religiosa e culturale , 2015.

Web links

Commons : Basilica Madonna di Tirano  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mario, Mario! Bene? Bene avrai. Vai a Tirano, e chiedi a quella gente di costruire, in questo luogo, una chiesa di culto del Signore ed in onore del mio Santo nome santuarioditirano.it .
  2. ↑ a b c G. A. Cornacchi, Breve Istoria della Miracolosissima Madonna di Tirano , 1621, Tirano 1934.
  3. ↑ The history of the sanctuary , website: santuariotirano.it, last accessed on October 19, 2018.
  4. ↑ Ursula Stevens: Pompeo Bianchi senior. In: tessinerkuenstler-ineuropa.ch. Retrieved February 28, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Bianchi, Giuseppe . In: Ulrich Thieme , Felix Becker (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker. tape 3 : Bassano – Bickham . Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1909, p. 583 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  6. ↑ Ursula Stevens: Giuseppe Bianchi. In: tessinerkuenstler-ineuropa.ch. 2017, accessed September 9, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Portal of the pilgrimage church (photo) on flickr.com
  8. ↑ Sanctuary of the Sanctuary of the Madonna (Italian) on lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture (accessed on December 29, 2016).
  9. ↑ Sanctuary of the Madonna di Tirano .
  10. ^ Basilica dell'Apparizione della Beata Vergine on gcatholic.org

Coordinates: 46 ° 13 ′ 4.5 ″  N , 10 ° 9 ′ 18.6 ″  E