Venus crest
| Venus crest | ||||||||||||
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Venus crest, blooming and fruiting |
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| Scandix pecten-veneris | ||||||||||||
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The Venus crest ( Scandix pecten-veneris ), also known as needle chervil or needle basket , is an annual plant species that belongs to the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The fruits, which protrude vertically and parallel to each other, are reminiscent of a comb, hence the scientific species name (Latin "pecten veneris" = comb of Venus).
description
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Vegetative characteristics
The Venus crest is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 40 centimeters. The branched, finely grooved stems are scattered with hairy bristles.
The leaf blade is finely pinnate two to three times.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to July. The white flowers are arranged in golden inflorescences .
Double achaines are formed. The long beaked fruits are characteristic and are 2 to 8 centimeters long. The flattened beak is two to six times as long as the basal, seed-bearing part of the fruit.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
The Venus crest is a summer annual therophyte .
The two partial fruits suddenly jump off when ripe. In the center of the fruit cluster, smaller fruits remain and are only spread in autumn with the whole plant torn up by the wind (so-called heterocarpy ).
distribution
The distribution area includes Macaronesia, North Africa, South and Central Europe, Great Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Sweden, Ukraine, West Asia, Central Asia, the Caucasus, India and Pakistan. With its main occurrence in the Mediterranean area , the Venus ridge probably only reached Central Europe through the cultivation of grain (i.e. an archaeophyte ). The species that used to be more common as arable weeds in Central Europe has declined sharply with the intensification of arable farming and is now mostly rare in Germany, sometimes even extinct. In the Mediterranean and Western Asia , the Venus ridge has a broader ecological spectrum and is also common on pastureland and in ruderal therophyte societies.
It thrives best on moderately dry, warm summer, mostly chalky clay and loam soils . In parts of Central Europe it is a character species of the Caucalido Scandicetum from the Caucalidion Association.
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Botanical-ecological excursion pocket book. 3rd edition Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg u. a. 1988, ISBN 3-494-01177-X .
- M. Hemp: color atlas field flora. E. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990. ISBN 3-8001-4074-8
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 4 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Haloragaceae to Apiaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3315-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Needle basket, Latin Scandix. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 23, Leipzig 1740, column 327 f.
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 703 .
- ^ Scandix in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
- ↑ AJ Pujadas Salvá: Scandix in Santiago Castroviejo, Gonzalo Nieto Feliner, Stephen L Jury, Alberto Herrero Nieto (ed.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas Vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Volume X. Araliaceae – Umbelliferae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 2003, ISBN 84-00-08150-1 , p. 80 .
Web links
- Scandix pecten-veneris L., common needle chervil. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Venus crest . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Scandix pecten-veneris L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 1, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Scandix pecten-veneris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
