Sharp wool milkling

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Sharp wool milkling
This spicy woolly milkling grew under a Scots pine in West Siberia.

This spicy woolly milkling grew under a Scots pine in West Siberia.

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Lactifluus
Type : Sharp wool milkling
Scientific name
Lactifluus bertillonii
( Neuhoff ex Z. Schaef. ) Receipt

The Scharfe Woll-Milchling or Scharfmilchende Wollsponge ( Lactifluus bertillonii , Syn .: Lactarius bertillonii ) is a type of fungus from the family of the blubber relatives (Russulaceae). It is a large, white milkling with a velvety, hairy hat and burning hot milk. The inedible Milchling is similar to the Woll-Milchling, but has a burning hot milk that turns yellow with KOH. The fruiting bodies appear in deciduous forests between July and October.

features

Macroscopic features

The milk of the Scharfen Woll-Milchling turns yellow- orange with 10% sodium or potassium hydroxide solution .

The hat is 10–20 cm wide, arched flat when young, soon spread flat and depressed in the middle and deepened in a funnel-shaped manner with age. The edge is often bent and curved for a long time. The smooth, dry hat skin is fine-felted when young and later velvety. In places it shows a fine net-like pattern. The hat is white to light cream-colored or whitish-yellow and becomes light brownish mottled in the course of development.

The young whitish, later cream-colored lamellae have grown broadly on the stem or run down a little. They are thick, often forked, narrow to medium-wide and are rather crowded. The blade edges are smooth and the spore powder is white.

The more or less cylindrical stem is 3–8 cm long and 2–3 cm wide and slightly tapered towards the base. It is furrowed below the slats. Like the hat, the smooth surface is fine, velvety and dry and just as white to pale cream in color.

The white flesh is very firm and often yellow-brown to ocher-clay at the base of the handle. After a while it tastes very hot and smells unpleasantly sour. The white milk does not change its color even when it dries up, but with KOH it turns orange-yellow. The milk tastes very hot almost immediately.

Microscopic features

The almost round to elliptical spores are on average 8.2–9.0 µm long and 6.0–6.9 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.6. The spore ornament is only up to 0.2 µm high and consists of irregular, linear warts, which are often lined up or connected by low lines or ridges. But they are never connected to a network. The Hilarfleck often shows in the middle of amyloid stain.

The seldom two-, but mostly four-pore, cylindrical to slightly clubbed basidia are 50–70 (80) µm long and 9–11 µm wide. Pleural macrocystides are common. They are 50–75 µm long and 6–12 µm wide, narrowly clubbed to bottle-shaped and narrowed towards the blunt tip. They are often constricted like a pearl chain (moniliform) or have a small tip (mucronate). Cheilomacrocystids 15–50 µm long and 3–8 µm wide are found on the sterile lamellar cutting edges . These are irregularly cylindrical to winding and irregularly bulged.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 200-300 µm wide lamprotrichoderm . The 60–250 µm long and 3–6 µm wide hyphae ends are more or less cylindrical and thick-walled, but thin-walled at the tip, in contrast to the woolly milkling, in which the hyphae are thick-walled over the entire length.

Species delimitation

The Scharfe Woll-Milchling is often confused with the Wolligen Milchling , as the two types can hardly be distinguished at first glance. Nevertheless, the Wollige Milchling is easy to distinguish if you pay attention to the typically almost round spores with the net-like ornament. The hyphae ends in the hat skin are also completely thick-walled, while they are thin-walled at the tip in the case of the Sharp Woll-Milchling. In the field, the hot, hot milk of the Scharfen Woll-Milchling is a good characteristic. The milk of the Woll-Milchling is mild to slightly hot, regardless of the meat, and does not turn orange-yellow with KOH. The other large, white-capped milklings are also similar, such as the pink- edged milkling ( L. controversus ), which has a more or less greasy to slimy hat and clearly pink-tinted lamellas, and the two pepper milklings ( L. piperatus ) and ( L. glaucescens ) , both of which have much closer lamellae, smaller spores and a differently structured hat cover layer .

  • The Woll-Milchling can hardly be distinguished from its appearance.

  • Long-handled Pepper-Milchling is usually smaller and has more dense lamellae.

  • The green pepper-milkling is similar to the long-stemmed pepper-milkling and also has a slowly gray-green drying milk.

  • The pink-edged Milchling has clearly pink-tinted slats

  • The common white-blubber often looks similar, but has no milky sap.

ecology

The Scharfe Wollmilchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that primarily forms a partnership with European beech. But it can also be associated with oak or birch. The fungus can be found in woodruff or lime beech forests , oak and hornbeam forests or in mixed forests rich in maple or ash . The Milchling likes fresh, more or less base-rich soils. The fruiting bodies appear solitary or gregarious from July to October.

distribution

Distribution of the Scharfen Woll-Milchling in Europe. Countries in which the Milchling was detected are colored green. Countries with no sources or countries outside Europe are shown in gray.

Widespread in Europe but quite rare, but can be common locally. For example in southern Finland and central Sweden. The Milchling is rare in Germany and Switzerland

Systematics

Taxonomy

The Scharfe Woll-Milchling was first introduced in 1956 by Walther Neuhoff in his Milchlings monograph “Die Milchlinge (Lactarii). - The mushrooms of Central Europe ”described as Lactarius vellereus var. Bertillonii . However, Neuhoff forgot to add a Latin species diagnosis to the description, so that the species was not validly described according to the rules of the " International Code of Nomenclature of Botanical Nomenclature ". This was made up for in 1979 by Z.Schaefer , so that the taxon was validly described as a variety of the woolly milkling ( L. vellerens ) for the first time.
In 1980 Bon finally raised the variety as Lactarius bertillonii to an independent species. The variety L. vellereus var. Queletii described by J. Blum in 1966 is another synonym. Blum's variety is also invalid because he did not specify a type in his description .

In 2011 A. Verbeken placed the Milchling in the genus Lactifluus previously proposed by Bart Buyck , which is home to a lineage of Milchling with predominantly tropical species. If Buyck's well-founded suggestion to split the genus Lactarius into two genera prevails, Lactifluus bertillonii (Neuhoff ex Z. Schaef.) Verbeken will become the new species name. For the time being, this step has now been taken in the most important taxonomy databases.

The Milchling bears its species attribute "bertillonii" in honor of the French doctor, statistician, anthropologist and mycologist Louis-Adolphe Bertillon (1821–1883).

Inquiry system

The Scharfe Wollmilchling is placed by Bon, Heilmann-Clausen and Basso in the Albati (Bat.) Singer section, which is part of the sub-genus Lactifluus for Bon and Basso and the Lactariopsis sub-genus for Heilmann-Clausen . They are large, white-capped milklings with a white, largely unchangeable milk. The thick slats are quite distant. The spur ornament is inconspicuous and consists of low, thin ridges. The cap skin is a lamprotrichoderm.

Since molecular biological investigations have shown that the genus Lactarius is not monophyletic , the section by A. Verbeken in the previously published by Buyck et al. 2010 proposed genus Lactifluus placed.

meaning

The Milchling is considered inedible at least in Central Europe because of its sharp taste.

literature

  • Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 94 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. 1998, p. 254-255 .
  3. ↑ a b c Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 48.
  4. ↑ a b Lactarius bertillonii in the PILZOEK database . In: pilzoek.de . Retrieved September 13, 2011.
  5. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius bertillonii . In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org . Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved September 14, 2011.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  6. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. 1998, p. 271-73 .
  7. ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius bertillonii. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012 ; accessed on March 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.nbn.org.uk
  8. ↑ a b New combinations in Lactifluus. 1. L. subgenera Edules, Lactariopsis, and Russulopsis . In: MYCOTAXON . Vol. 118, 2011, ISSN 0093-4666 , pp.   447-453 .
  9. ↑ Lactifluus bertillonii . In: MycoBank . Mycobank, accessed May 30, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Lactifluus bertillonii . In: IndexFungorum . IndexFungorum, accessed May 30, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Vol. 2, 1998, pp. 23-28 .
  12. ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . Fungi Europa egg. Vol. 7, 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 708-13 (Italian).

Web links

Commons : Scharfer Woll-Milchling ( Lactarius bertillonii )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files