Foam flowers

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Foam flowers
Heart leaf foam blossom (Tiarella cordifolia)

Heart leaf foam blossom ( Tiarella cordifolia )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family : Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae)
Genre : Foam flowers
Scientific name
Tiarella
L.

The tiarella ( Tiarella ) are a plant genus in the family Saxifragaceae (Saxifragaceae). Other German trivial names are Turbankapsule , Schaumkerze or Schaumkraut . With the last name, however, there is a risk of confusion with the genus foam herbs ( Cardamine ) from the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

In Tiarella TYPES is perennial herbaceous plants , the growth heights between 10 cm and 50 cm reach and rhizomes form. There are both evergreen species and species whose aboveground organs die off in winter. All above-ground parts of the plant are hairy throughout.

The ever basal , heart-shaped leaves often have a brownish mark along the veins. The leaf margin is lobed to a greater or lesser extent : in some species the leaves are cut finger-shaped almost to the midrib, in others they are only deeply serrated. The stipules are small.

Generative characteristics

All Tiarella species bloom in spring. On a 10 to 70 cm long inflorescence stem, many flowers stand together in a racemose or panicle inflorescence . The relatively small, hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals and five petals are whitish to pink in color. There are ten stamens and two carpels per flower . The capsule fruits contain few seeds. The seeds are black and smooth.

The variety 'Cygnet'

Distribution and systematics

The generic name Tiarella was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, pp. 405-406. Tiarella cordifolia L. was established as the lectotype in 1837 .

The genus Tiarella only contains three species that occur as ground-covering herbaceous plants in shady to partially shaded locations in forests of the temperate and cooler areas of the northern hemisphere . Two species are native to North America and one in Asia. The 10 cm to 30 cm high species Tiarella cordifolia , Tiarella wherryi and Tiarella cordifolia var. Collina from eastern North America are now grouped together as Tiarella cordifolia sensu lato . The species Tiarella trifoliata and Tiarella unifoliata from western North America are now grouped together as Tiarella trifoliata sensu lato; they are significantly larger than their eastern relatives. The species Tiarella polyphylla occurs in the forests of East Asia ( Japan , China to Nepal and North India ) .

The three types of Tiarella are:

  • Heart leaf foam flower or heart leaf foam flower ( Tiarella cordifolia L. , Syn .: T. wherryi Lakela ): There are three varieties:
    • Tiarella cordifolia var. Austrina Lakela
    • Tiarella cordifolia var. Collina Wherry
    • Tiarella cordifolia L. var. Cordifolia
  • Asiatic foam blossom ( Tiarella polyphylla D.Don )
  • Three-leaved foam flower ( Tiarella trifoliata L. ): There are three varieties:
    • Tiarella trifoliata L. var. Trifoliata
    • Tiarella trifoliata var. Laciniata (Hook.) Wheelock
    • Tiarella trifoliata var. Unifoliata (Hook.) Kurtz , Syn .: Tiarella unifoliolata Hook.

use

All species are used in horticulture as ground cover for shady locations. There are numerous varieties that differ in the shape and pattern of the leaves and the intensity of the flower color.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  2. ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

Web links

Commons : Foam Blossoms ( Tiarella )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files