Schaunberger feud

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The so-called Schaunberger feud related to a dispute between the Habsburg sovereign Duke Albrecht III. and Count Heinrich VII von Schaunberg ; the feud lasted from 1380 to 1390 and flared up again with varying intensity between 1380 and 1383 and 1388 and 1390.

Starting position

The background was the different claims to power between the Habsburgs and the Schaunbergers. The Schaunbergers had succeeded in acquiring a closed territory, essentially the so-called Hausruck , between the Traun and Sauwald as well as the Danube and the Mondseer Land ; for this land they claimed imperial immediacy and the extensive rights of a county ("terra nostra" = our land).

On the other hand, there are the Habsburg dukes of Austria, who could not have liked if this large territory withdrew from their sovereignty or the Schaunbergs entered into other political coalitions (for example with the Bavarian dukes, the bishops of Passau or Bamberg ). However, the position of the sovereign was by no means consolidated and so concessions had to be made to keep this powerful aristocratic family on their own side. An example of this is the Treaty of Weitra signed on June 13, 1361 between Duke Rudolf II and the Schaunbergers. In it, the Schaunbergers for their five regional courts (regional court Starhemberg with Wels , regional court in the Danube valley and Traungau with Linz , Weißenberg regional court in the Kremstal with Schwanenstadt , regional court Kammer with Vöcklabruck , regional court Marsbach / Tegernbach ) take the blood spell as a fief from the Habsburgs, what the Habsburgs secured some influence. At the same time, the Schaunbergers recognized the fiction of the Privilegium maius , whereby in return they were granted the right of female succession and the office of captain above the Enns. The latter, however, could only be exercised between 1369 and 1373 through Count Ulrich I von Schaunberg, who was both chamberlain and councilor at the ducal court. After Ulrich's death, his brother was planned as his successor in office, with Heinrich VI. from Walsee , however, a Wallseer was again a captain ob der Enns.

Another problem for the Habsburgs was the division of their lands after the death of Rudolf IV. In the Treaty of Neuberg an der Mürz in 1379, the younger brother Duke Leopold III. Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Tyrol, the Habsburg foothills, Italian areas and a sum of money, while the older Albrecht III. Austria over and under the Enns , the rule of Steyr, the Salzkammergut and the county of Neuburg am Inn received. Count Heinrich von Schaunburg, whose relationship with Albrecht III. was excited, allied with Leopold III. Soon after this division, the Schaunberg feud broke out.

From the Schaunberger's point of view, one reason was that in 1379 the Habsburgs had bought the Frankenburg and Attersee lordships from the Bamberg monastery , although the Schaunbergers had a right of first refusal. A Habsburg pretext for the feud was the amount of the Aschach toll and its levying at Neuhaus , which the Schaunbergers had received since Friedrich Barbarossa . Perhaps, however, the considerable debts of the Habsburgs to the Schaunbergers also played a role, which they could dispose of in the event of a victory.

course

In 1380 Reinprecht II. Von Walsee , captain ob der Enns since 1380, moved on behalf of Duke Albrecht III. with various mercenary leaders against Heinrich VII von Schaunberg. Duke Rudolf IV had already encouraged his follower Eberhard V von Walsee early on to build a second castle ( Oberwallsee Castle ) on the northern side of the Danube and Schaunberg Castle opposite . In this dispute, the Schaunberger were allied only with the Rosenbergers and their ministerials, but had been abandoned by many aristocrats who were also defiant against the sovereign and also by their own vassals. In addition to the prospect of later being on the side of the victor, the fact that the Schaunbergers were, according to chroniclers reports, terrible oppressors for their subjects: Ulrich was described as a "great Leutschindian" and Heinrich as "the greatest tyrant of his time" . The Schaunberger's main allies, the Bavarians, had also concluded an agreement with the Habsburgs on non-interference as early as 1376.

In the first two years, the native of Walsee occupied all of Schaunberg's Danube castles, Kammer Castle and the Schaunberg town of Eferding , which was defended by the Rosenbergs . Also lock Peuerbach was occupied and had to be delivered (in 1383 it was Heinrich but when Habsburg fiefdom back). However, Albrecht besieged Schaunberg and Stauff for three years in vain. Neuhaus Castle was also successfully defended against the ducal troops in 1381. Duke Albrecht III. was financially at an end after this armed forces, the approximately 14,000 strong army devoured huge sums of money. Finally there was an armistice in which Heinrich appealed to the court of arbitration of the imperial princes in Nuremberg; Here, however, the Schaunberger lost because the court pronounced the fiefdom dependency and thus the imperial immediacy was lost for the time being. The lords of Attersee and Frankenburg were awarded to the Habsburgs. The castle willow received 1386 of mercenary leader Zacharias Haderer, captain of Duke Albrecht III., Having already held mortgage as this property before. The rule of Kammer remained with the Schaunbergers, but Heinrich had to sell this rule to the Habsburgs in 1383. However, Heinrich VII received the city of Eferding back in 1383 as an Austrian fief .

In 1385/86 the fighting flared up again when Count Heinrich had the Schaunberger Burgstall built as a fortification on the right bank of the Danube opposite Neuhaus to collect tolls. The early death of Leopold III was also difficult for the Schaunberger. in 1386. However, with the help of the Passau bishop and the cities of Linz, Wels and Enns, the captain ob der Enns forced the Schaunberger to renounce this Danube barrier. In 1388 Wallsee and Habsburg again received feud letters from the Schaunberger, but two years later Heinrich von Schaunberg had to finally swear the original feud .

Result

As a result of this dispute, the Schaunbergers ultimately had to recognize the feudal sovereignty of the Habsburgs and return the lordship possessed by pledge ( e.g. Riedegg Castle ) to the owner (e.g. the Diocese of Passau) without financial compensation. Nevertheless, they remained one of the richest noble families in Austria and were able to maintain certain privileges for about a century, from 1396 to 1417 they even held the entire county as a fiefdom of the German king (from the house of the Luxembourgers ). In the course of this feud, however, Duke Albrecht achieved a significant domestic political strengthening of his position as sovereign and thus made a significant contribution to the establishment of Austria.

literature

  • Siegfried Haider : History of Upper Austria . R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-486-54081-5 , p. 87, 112 and 120 .
  • Elmar Mattle: On the settlement genesis of Upper Austrian cities in the High and Late Middle Ages - Eferding, Freistadt, Schärding and Wels in comparison. Diploma thesis, University of Salzburg, Salzburg 2006.
  • Franz Satzinger: Vöcklabruck. City history. The princely city of Vöcklabruck im Attergau in the field of tension between Bavaria and Austria from the beginnings to 1850. Vöcklabruck 2006, 600 pages, especially Chapter 2 From the “pons Veckelaha” to the “civitas de Feclerprugka” (online at voecklabruck.at).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Satzinger 2006, p. 101.
  2. ↑ Detlev Schwennike (Ed.): European family tables. Family tables on the history of the European states. New series (Volume XVI). JA Stargardt, Berlin 1995, p. 38.
  3. ^ Mattle 2006.
  4. ↑ Haider 1987, p. 112.
  5. ↑ Satzinger 2006, p. 104.
  6. ↑ a b schaunberg.de
  7. ↑ Schaunberger on atterwiki.at.