Slit-leaved salsify

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Slit-leaved salsify
Slit-leaved salsify (Podospermum laciniatum)

Slit-leaved salsify ( Podospermum laciniatum )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Black salsify ( Scorzonera )
Type : Slit-leaved salsify
Scientific name
Podospermum laciniatum
( L. ) DC.

The slit-leaved salsify ( Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. , Syn .: Scorzonera laciniata L. ), also known as slit-leaved pedunculate seed herb , is a member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae) rarely found in Central Europe .

Illustration of Podospermum laciniatum (left) and Podospermum canum (right)

description

The Schlitzblättrige salsify is a one to two year herbaceous plant that reaches a stature height of about 7 to 50 cm. Inside it contains a white, slightly greenish, milk-like liquid. It belongs to the subfamily of the Cichorioideae within the family of the Asteraceae. The upright, mostly bald to slightly woolly hairy stalk and the branches of the plant are shaped like a stem and only finely grooved in the upper part. The leaves , up to 20 cm long, are divided into pinnate sections down to the median nerve and have distant, pointed, linear-lanceolate sections. These are usually around 1 to 2 mm wide and 10 to 25 mm long. The end lobe is usually shaped a little wider.

The approximately 12 mm wide flower heads grow individually on long stems. The outer bracts are egg-shaped and have a bent back tip, the inner ones are mostly more or less blunt. At the time of flowering, the cover reaches a length of up to 15 mm, after flowering it can be up to 40 mm long. The flower heads contain light yellow ray-florets that are roughly the length of the envelope. The more or less square shaped, light (violet) -brown fruits are about 3 to 4 mm long and have a thick, lighter colored, about 5 to 9 mm long hollow stem. The dirty brown, about 10 mm long pappus is pinnate in several rows.

The slit-leaved black salsify flowers mainly in the months of May to July.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The plant is usually pollinated by insects. The seeds are spread by the wind. If the stems are eaten off before flowering, the plant roots will thicken significantly. The plant then becomes densely grassed and sprouts many flower stalks. It can also become persistent .

Occurrence

The slit-leaved salsify is a sub-Mediterranean- sarmatian floral element. Their distribution ranges from Siberia, over the Caucasus, Russia to southern and central Europe. It can also be found in North Africa. In Central Europe it barely exceeds the wine-growing area .

In Germany the species occurs rarely and partly inconsistently in the western, central and southwestern areas. It is classified as endangered in the Red List . In Austria, their occurrences, which were previously classified as very rare in the Pannonian region, are now considered extinct, while in Switzerland they are still rarely found in Valais. There it rises to an altitude of 1400  m .

Podospermum laciniatum is a typical ruderal plant in Central Europe and grows in groups on roadsides, on open dry grass, in rocky heaths, on embankments, on walls and also in grain fields. It prefers dry, warm, mostly calcareous, humus-rich and occasionally salty soils. It is often inconsistent or is occasionally carried off. It occurs mainly in societies of the order Agropyretalia or the association Dauco-Melilotion.

Taxonomy and systematics

Scorzonera laciniata was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum . De Candolle placed them in the genus Podospermum as Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC in 1805 . To Podospermum laciniatum (L.) DC. there are the following synonyms: Scorzonera laciniata L. , Arachnospermum laciniatum (L.) FW Schmidt , Podospermum intermedium DC. , Podospermum subulatum (Lam.) DC. , Podospermum tenorei (C. Presl) DC.

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Podospermum laciniatum subsp. laciniatum : It occurs in southern, central and eastern Europe, North Africa, western Asia, the Caucasus, Turkmenistan and Pakistan.
  • Podospermum laciniatum subsp. decumbens (cast.) Gemeinholzer & Greuter (Syn .: Scorzonera laciniata subsp. decumbens (cast.) Greuter , Scorzonera calcitrapifolia Vahl , Scorzonera resedifolia L. ): It occurs in Southern Europe, North Africa and Western Asia.

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literature

  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Christoph Käsermann: Scorzonera laciniata L. s.str. - Slit-leaved pedunculate seed - Asteraceae. In: Christoph Käsermann, Daniel M. Moser (Hrsg.): Information sheets on species protection - flowering plants and ferns. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern, 1999, pp. 256–257 (PDF file).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  983 .
  2. ↑ Slit-leaved salsify. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 791, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D2%26issue%3D%26spage%3D791%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  4. ↑ a b c Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Podospermum laciniatum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  5. ↑ Podospermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 14, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Slit-leaved salsify  album with pictures, videos and audio files