Narrow-leaved vetch
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Narrow-leaved vetch ( Vicia angustifolia ) |
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The narrow-leaved vetch ( Vicia angustifolia ) is a species from the genus of the vetch ( Vicia ) with two subspecies . They are counted among the archaeophytes because they were naturalized in Central Europe a long time ago. It is also assumed that the vetch ( Vicia sativa ) developed from it; Some authors consider the narrow-leaved vetch as a subspecies. nigra (L.) Ehrh. put to Vicia sativa .
description
Narrow-leaved vetches are herbaceous plants that reach heights of 15 to 60 centimeters. The leaves are pinnate from four to nine pairs, at the end they form a mostly divided tendril. The leaflets are 2 to 7, rarely up to 10 mm wide, they are usually elongated-linear, more rarely narrow, inverted-ovoid.
The flowering period extends from May to July. The flowers are 14 to 17 mm long, have a short stalk and stand individually or in pairs in the leaf axils. The petals are purple to purple in color. The flag is bare. The calyx teeth are as long as the calyx tube. The ripe legumes are upright, glabrous, dark brown or black in color. In contrast to vetch , the fruits are not constricted between the seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.
Systematics
In most of the German-speaking flora, a distinction is made between two subspecies:
- Ordinary narrow-leaved vetch ( V. angustifolia subsp. Angustifolia ): with 2 to 3 mm wide, narrow-linear leaflets, the leaflets in the upper stem area are significantly narrower than in the lower
- Field vetch ( V. angustifolia subsp. Segetalis ): with 3 to 7 mm wide leaflets, more or less the same in all stem areas
While in the German-speaking area both clans are usually differentiated on the basis of species rank, the prevailing opinion internationally is that only a distinction based on the rank of subspecies within the vetch would be justified.
If the narrow-leaved vetch is placed with the vetch ( Vicia sativa ), then it is either all - including "segetalis" - as a subspecies Vicia sativa subsp. nigra or it is classified as V. sativa subsp. segetalis another subspecies of the vetch.
distribution
The narrow-leaved vetch is a species originally native to the Mediterranean area, which has been traced back to the Hallstatt period as a cultural follower of humans in fields. It is now widespread in the temperate zones around the world.
The common narrow-leaved vetch ( V. angustifolia subsp. Angustifolia ) occurs in dry, acidic, poor grasslands , in meadows, along roadsides and embankments. The soil is mostly nitrogen-rich and sandy . The field narrow-leaf vetch ( V. angustifolia subsp. Segetalis ) usually grows in fields, especially with winter cereals , on fresh clay soils .
literature
- Erich Oberdorfer: Plant-sociological excursion flora . 7th edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 , pp. 613 .
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , p. 316.
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 613.
Web links
- Narrow-leaved vetch. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 22, 2015.