Shot (soccer)

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Shot on goal

In football, a shot is the technique of kicking the ball with your foot. Depending on the game situation, the intended direction, height and distance of the shot, a certain shot technique and impact energy are used, with the impact movement of the foot emanating from the whole leg with flexion of the lower leg and thigh. In special cases, often uncontrolled, the ball is 'shot' with other parts of the leg such as the shin, knee, etc.

Whether the intended effect occurs is not important for the classification as a “shot”; For example, unsuccessful shots on goal or bad passes are also shots.

In a holistic sense, a shot is not limited to hitting the ball (only for milliseconds). Rather, a shot can be understood as a process that includes, in particular, the various preparation steps and also the movement of the ball immediately after the shot (“the goalkeeper holds the shot”).

Delimitation:

  • Only with a very broad definition can the player's movements, for example when receiving or “taking the ball”, when carrying / driving the ball and when dribbling etc. be understood as shots.
  • Not considered a shot z. B. the headbutt ( header ) (but counts, for example, in the shooting statistics), throw-ins, ball kicks with the chest, etc. Also so-called "ricochets" from the foot (e.g. when receiving the ball ("stop") , during flank defense or unintentionally) are not referred to as shots.

purpose

  • In attacking play (possession of the ball by one's own team), shots are used to score goals (e.g. when shooting on goal, penalty kick, etc.) or to pass the ball to a teammate (all pass variants, corner kick , goal kick and tee shot , etc.).
  • In defensive play , shots are used to separate the opponent from the ball, to move the ball out of the danger zone ( e.g. after an opponent's corner kick), as a game into touch, for tackling , etc. With shots in the defensive game, often switching to attacking play is simultaneous, e.g. . B. with a pass to your own teammate.

Shooting techniques

Many players only achieve the body movement and control required for shots when shooting with their "right foot" (often the right one; also called "shooting leg" or "free leg"), using the other leg as a support leg or for shooting rarely use. The supporting leg is also important when shooting because it provides the stability required for the shot.

A good physical condition (strength, speed ...) that is superior to the opponent is also important, as otherwise the shot often does not come at all or shots that are only executed with the last of your strength often fail to achieve their intended effect.

Depending on the situation, the actual shooting is preceded by numerous preparatory measures . When the ball is at rest these are z. B. laying down the ball, aiming at the target, running up, etc., see example free kick in. When the ball is in motion, for example: For example: observing / assessing the ball, the opponents, the free or covered teammates and their speed, the consideration of playing through through pass or cross pass, etc.

A distinction is made between different shooting techniques. A distinction is made between the foot surface used, the position of the foot, the posture and the position of the ball.

Foot position

  • Full instep : The playing foot is stretched downwards. The ball is hit with the instep or the back of the foot after a pronounced backward movement of the free leg. Tension shots can be particularly tough.
  • Inside kick : The playing foot is turned outwards at right angles to the standing leg. The ball is hit with the inside of the foot. This impact is not particularly hard but very precise over short and medium distances.
  • Internal tension joint : The playing foot is turned slightly outwards. The ball is hit with the inside of the instep . The ball can be flicked with this push .
  • Outside instep: The foot is turned slightly inwards. The ball is hit with the instep . The shot is usually less fast and can develop a strong outside spin .
  • Outside kick : The game foot is turned slightly inward and slightly inclined. The ball is pushed out of the lower leg with the outside of the foot with a gentle swing. This impact is suitable for short distances.
  • Heel kick: the ball is played with the heel . It is suitable for surprising shots, but is the hardest shot to accelerate due to the backward movement of the leg.
  • Prick kick: The ball is played with the tip of the foot. This shot requires above average technical skills. If this shooting technique is not mastered, the ball can bounce off and / or accelerate in an uncontrolled manner. If it is mastered, the high acceleration of the ball is a great advantage.

posture

In the textbook posture of a forward-facing shot, the standing leg is about 1 to 3 feet wide to the side of the ball, depending on the shooting technique, and the upper body is slightly inclined over the standing leg. Before the shot, the player usually takes a few "running up" steps. All details about posture may be varied in a specific game situation.

  • In a hip twist , the ball is usually shot at hip height with the full instep . The player remains on the ground with one leg.
  • In a side kick , the player has no contact with the ground and shoots the ball while lying in the air.
  • When doing an overhead kick, the striker shoots the ball with his back turned towards the goal, the defender with a view of the goal and also lying in the air, over his own head. Here, too, the ball is ideally hit with the full span.
  • When the scissors strike, the player jumps off with the firing leg, at the same time lifts the other leg and then closes with a counter-rotating movement of the legs.

Ball position

Shots can u. a. basically differentiate between whether they are performed with the ball at rest or with the ball moving .

  • When the ball is at rest - i.e. free kicks, corner kicks, kick-off, goal kick and penalties - the ball is accelerated from the ground and from the motionless state.
  • If the ball is in motion , the shot must be executed with the appropriate technique depending on the situation. A distinction must be made here between the direction of movement of the ball - in the running direction; Arriving from the front, from the side, flat or high.
  • In a volley shot , the ball - coming from a teammate or unintentionally from the opponent - is played from the air without first touching the ground.
  • With a drop kick , the ball is shot immediately after it touches the ground (English: to drop ), usually as a full instep and thus accelerated particularly strongly.

More terms

Puts you the ball when shooting in strong rotation ( "cut"), created by the the spin generated Magnus effect a web deflection ( Bananenflanke ). A shot that is kicked with little or no rotation can develop into a flutter ball due to the unstable flow conditions .

Special terms are used colloquially to describe certain variants of shots, for example: picket shot, post shot, long-range shot, long-range shot, penalty, artificial shot, lob, arc lamp, "hammer" (powerful shot), etc.

Unintentional missed shots are colloquially called "ricochets" or "candle" etc. If a defender shoots the ball very far out of his own half in an uncontrolled manner, one speaks of a "freeing stroke".

Shot speed

An evaluation of the penalty shootout between England and Germany during the European Football Championship in 1996 showed that the average speed of a shot was 120 km / h. However, speeds of up to about 140-160 km / h or even higher can also be achieved.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Preparation for the free kick
  2. ^ Gerhard Bauer football perfect ... BLV Verlagsgemeinschaft München 1978
  3. ^ John Wesson: Football - Science with Kick , Spektrum-Verlag, Bristol 2002, p. 34
  4. ↑ Kidcheck.de

literature

  • Rolf Mayer: Shot on goal training football , Rowohlt Verlag, Leipzig 2001
  • Gero Bisanz , Gunnar Gerisch : Football - fitness, technique, tactics and coaching , Meyer & Meyer Verlag, Aachen 2007
  • John Wesson: Football - Science with Kick , Spektrum Verlag, 2005.