Schwalheimer wheel
| Schwalheim pumping station
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|---|---|---|
 The big wheel |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 21 '25 " N , 8 ° 45' 44" E | |
| Location | Bad Nauheim - Schwalheim | |
| Waters | Weather | |
| Built | 1745–1748 (renewed 1839, 1955, 1987) |
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| Status | Water wheel preserved in good condition; Field linkage partially preserved |
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| technology | ||
| use | Driving a Sole - pumping station of Saline Nauheim | |
| drive | Hydropower | |
The Schwalheimer Rad , also known locally as the Great Wheel , is a water wheel (historically called Kunstrad ) built from 1745 on the course of the Wetter river in Schwalheim , a district of Bad Nauheim . The wheel, with a diameter of nearly 10 meters drifted formerly a 1.3 km long wooden rod (historical field or art linkage ) a pumping station (historically " water " or " Pump Art " ) in which brine to the salt works of Nauheim Saline promoted .
The entire structure is also known as the Schwalheimer Pumpwerk or Schwalheimer Wasserkunst .
history
The Schwalheimer Wasserkunst was built in 1748 by order of Jacob Sigismund Waitz von Eschen ( Obersalzgraf of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel ), under whose direction the Nauheimer Salzwerk became the largest evaporated salt works with low percent brine in Europe.
An art attendant who lived in the neighboring house was commissioned to maintain the Schwalheim facility . Frequent repairs to the wheel and linkage over the years led to restrictions in operation and required three renewals of the wheel in 1839, 1955 and 1987. The last renewal of the wheel took place in 2014 by a mill construction company from the Ore Mountains .
The Schwalheim pumping station with the big wheel is registered under number 4272 in the list of cultural monuments in Hesse (see also: List of cultural monuments in Bad Nauheim # Schwalheim ).
Today the wheel is depicted as a common figure in the Schwalheim coat of arms.
Structure and functionality
The water wheel with the number seven was with a diameter of 9.75 meters the largest of the original seven water wheels in the Nauheimer Saline.
In order to pump the only 3% brine onto the then 27 graduation buildings with a total length of 3.7 kilometers, numerous technical facilities were required, including the Schwalheimer wheel and the field or artificial rods connected to it. Although the bike along the river was several hundred meters away from the saltworks' graduation towers, the long distance was accepted because the small river carried enough water to drive the bike even in dry summer months.
The kinetic energy of the wheel was conducted over a length of several hundred meters to the pumps on the graduation towers, with the rotary movement of the wheel cranks being translated into the back and forth movement of a wooden rod via rockers. The horizontal rods hung on wrought iron swivel arms that were set vertically into the earth at a distance of eight meters. From Schwalheim, two parallel rods initially ran to an angle station east of Frankfurter Strasse and from there in a simple design to the pumping station of the windmill tower 886 meters away on the "Long Wall" . Through an open arch in the tower and through the floors of two further graduation buildings, the rods then continued in a straight line to the graduation building at Ludwigsbrunnen. In total, the boom had reached a length of 1.3 kilometers.
When the water level in the weather was low, the brine pumps in the mill tower could also be driven with the power of the tower's windmill blades.
In 1826, the chief mining inspector Carl Anton Henschel in Kassel developed a new cast-iron roller construction for the frame, in which the frame, carried by small wheels, moved on rails that rested on low, stone pillars. The lower rails had slight inclines at the ends, which meant that the kinetic energy of the rods was not destroyed during the reversal of movement, but was converted into potential energy , which then supported the countermovement. 170 meters of this construction are still functional today.
Technical specifications
Artificial bike:
- Diameter 9.75 meters
- Material oak
- 84 shovels, 1.25 m wide, 20 cm high
- Power 8.7 kW = 12 PS
Artificial rods:
- Former length 1,300 meters (current length 170 meters)
- Height difference 22 meters, lateral deflection of 15 ° via a horizontal joint
- Until 1825 suspension construction on swivel arms
- From 1826 roller carts with 113 bars
literature
- Information board on the Schwalheimer Rad, text: Working group on the history of Bad Nauheim
- Roland Scharf, The Nauheim Saltworks, 1st edition. 2007, Ed. Magistrat der Stadt Bad Nauheim, p. 11
- Erich Brücher, Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter, Vol. 7/8, p. 148
- M. Liebig, Vom Schwalheimer Kunstgestänge, special print from Wetterauer Zeitung of August 13, 1965
- Karl Christian Langsdorf, Instructions for Salt Works, 1784, Part Two, p. 331
- Wilhelm Wagner, Chronicle of Bad Nauheim, Bad Nauheim 1897, self-published by the author, pp. 44 and 45
- Johannes Mager, Mühlenflügel and Wasserrad, VEB Fachbuchverlag Leipzig 1987, pp. 198–200
- Cultural monuments in Hessen, Wetteraukreis II (1999), p. 205
- Technology history on behalf of the Association of German Engineers, VDI Verlag 1935, p. 119
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The Schwalheimer wheel is turning again in F of August 11, 2014, page 33
- ^ Cultural monuments in Hesse: pumping station for the Nauheim salt works. State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse, accessed on December 13, 2012 .