Black horned roller collar
| Black horned roller collar | ||||||||||||
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Black horned roller collar |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phytoecia nigricornis | ||||||||||||
| ( Fabricius , 1781) |
The Schwarzhörnige roll neck Bock ( Phytoecia nigricornis ), and Black Gray roll neck Bock called, is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Lamiinae .
The species is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany , as well as in the states of Bavaria , Rhineland-Palatinate , Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt under category 3 (endangered), and in Thuringia classified as endangered . In Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania it is considered to be threatened with extinction . In North Rhine-Westphalia they are regarded as a rare species that is likely to be endangered .
Comments on the name and system
The species was first described in 1781 by Fabricius in the appendix De species nuper detectarum ( Latin about newly discovered species) for Species insectorum ... under the name Saperda nigricornis . In the description Fabricius compares the species with the white- striped thistle buck : Statura omnino S. cardui, at paullo minor. Antennae midiocres totae nigrae (Lat. His stature is completely that of Saperda cardui , slightly smaller. The antennae are medium-long and completely black.) This is the species name "nigricornis" (from Latin níger, black and córnu horn, feeler) as well the name part "Schwarzhörnig" to explain. If you look more closely, the antennae are hairy gray, but the hair on the first links is so sparse that the black color is clearly visible. The part of the name "Walzenhalsbock" refers to the cylindrical pronotum.
The generic name Phytoecia is from Altgr. φυτόν phytón, plant and οικία oikía, derived from dwelling and states that the species of the genus can be found on plants. In Europe the genus Phytoecia is represented by sixteen species. Worldwide it comprises 18 subgenus, 40 species are counted to the subgenus Phytoecia Phytoecia .
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| Fig. 1: top | Fig. 2: Front view | Fig. 3: Claw foreleg |
External features
The barrel-shaped body, especially in the female, is black, but appears gray or yellowish due to the hairiness. It reaches a length of 7 to 14 millimeters.
The head is inclined downwards perpendicular to the body axis. The mandibles end with only one tooth. The compound eyes are deeply edged by the antenna base, but not divided into two. The thread-like, somewhat thick antennae are eleven-limbed and reach roughly the end of the body.
Three longitudinal stripes of the pronotum are hairy white. The middle one runs from the top of the head in a straight line to the shield , the lateral one runs parallel to about where the pronotum begins to fall off to the side. The label is also hairy white. The pronotum is without a red spot. He has no hump on the side.
The narrow elytra are uniformly gray or olive-brown tomentose and regularly grained. They taper significantly towards the rear in the male, but hardly in the female. The tip of the elytra is truncated (Fig. 1), not rounded.
The legs are black except for the tarsi of the front legs, at most the rails of the front legs can be lighter like the tarsi. The tarsi appear to be four-limbed (pseudotetrameric) because the fourth limb is very small and hidden between the lobes of the third limb. The abdomen is short, no longer than the rest of the body when viewed from below. When the hind leg is placed backwards parallel to the body axis, it protrudes beyond the rear edge of the second abdominal segment. The first link of the hind tarsi is shorter than the two following combined. The front hips have a tooth on the inside at the end (visible in Fig. 2 when fully enlarged). The claws have a tooth at the base (Fig. 3).
biology
The species occurs in the herb layer of open, dry habitats such as sand pits, vineyards, stone quarries and dry forest edges. But it was also found on sunny stream meadows and forest meadows. The adult beetle appears in Central Europe from April to July. The animals are found on the host plants. Especially in the evening they fly lively around the edges of the forest and forest meadows.
The larva develops in herbaceous plants ( Tanacetum , Solidago Chrysanthemum and Artemisia ). It takes a year to develop.
distribution
The Schwarzhörnige Walzenhalsbock is widespread in Austria in lower montane locations, but not often, in Germany only in the middle and in the south. The distribution area stretches over almost all of Europe, only from most of the islands, Portugal, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Denmark there are no reports. In addition, the species is also widespread in the East Palearctic .
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966).
- Adolf Horion: Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Bd. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Phytoecia nigricornis in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved December 21, 2010
- ↑ Red lists at BioNetworkX
- ↑ JCFabricius: Species insectorvm exhibentes eorvm differentias specificas, synonyma avctorvm, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibvs, descriptionibvs, Bd.I Hamburg, Kiel 1781 first description pp. 505: 499, no. 16-17
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Phytoecia in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 26, 2013
- ↑ Subgenera on Phytoecia at BioLib
- ↑ Species of the subgenus Phytoecia at BioLib
- ↑ Cerambycidae of the West Palaearctic region
