Schwedenhaus (prefabricated house)
As Sweden house various kinds of wooden houses referred to by painting the wood paneling in striking colors, mostly Falun red or Gutsherren-yellow, and white lattice windows are marked and door frames. The term is used by many prefabricated house suppliers . They offer their wooden structures in panel construction with vertical wooden or inverted formwork under the label "Schwedenhaus". In doing so, they aim to create an appearance that is shaped, among other things, by the Stuga and buildings in Småland and that was transported through film adaptations of the works of Astrid Lindgren or Selma Lagerlöf .
history
After the Second World War , Sweden, along with the USA and England, was one of the leading nations in prefabricated house construction. As early as the early post-war period , prefabricated wooden houses were built in Germany, which were imported from Sweden and were called Swedish houses . Gustav Kistenmacher discussed house designs from the USA and Sweden in his monograph Prefabricated Houses , published in 1950 . At the beginning of the 1960s, a large number of the approximately 18,000 prefabricated houses built in Germany were of Swedish origin. Since the industrial construction of prefabricated houses began in Sweden a few decades earlier than in Central Europe, the Swedish products were considered to be of high quality and the name Schwedenhaus , which was established by Swedish export companies in the German-speaking market, was regarded as a seal of quality. At that time, a Swedish house was understood to be a house made of components that were manufactured in Sweden. The load-bearing walls consisted of a wooden frame with wooden formwork on both sides . Model settlements with Swedish houses were built in Unna in 1958 and in Ludwigsburg in 1961 . The houses in Unna were the first major social housing project in Unna after the Second World War. The settlement consists of 58 houses in five house types with an area of 75 to 120 m². The houses were called "lazy houses", "wooden barracks" or "Nissen houses" at the time. At that time in Sweden about half of all newly built single-family houses were prefabricated house constructions. The prefabricated house directory of the Institute for Building Research in Hanover , which had been compiled on behalf of the Housing Ministry as a directory of tested prefabricated house brands, contained several house types from Swedish manufacturers.
Since the mid-1970s there has been a trend in prefabricated house architecture away from purely functional design with reduced forms and towards the romanticized idealization of "simple life", to regional house forms that convey a feeling of nostalgia and cosiness, or in the sense of classic modernism Objectivity and material clarity are reduced ( critical regionalism ): This trend, which was particularly popular in prefabricated house construction, is accommodated by the concept of the Swedish house as a type house. As part of the ecological building since the early 1990s, a revaluation of the building material wood also took place: During this earlier with poverty and lack of permanence connotes was, he transformed a symbol of sustainability and naturalness. Here, too, the good reputation of the Nordic wood architecture tradition and the thermally optimized wood construction methods of Scandinavia were a role model. The wall structure in post construction with formwork is much more suitable for heat-insulated prefabrication than, for example, the half-timbered or log house construction that is native to Central Europe . The compact design distinguishes the Swedish house from the American-Canadian prefabricated house, which tends to have larger windows and more extensive verandas - whereby the types in the customer-oriented order production of modern prefabricated house construction are beginning to blur again.
literature
- Katja Simon: Prefabricated house architecture in Germany since 1945 , Athena-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-89896-233-9 ( content ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Holmer Stahncke: As with Pippi Longstocking - In northern Germany, wooden houses from Scandinavia are an alternative to the classic handle construction. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , November 13, 2010
- ↑ a b c Birgit Ochs: Prefabricated house - A case for the architect. In: FAZ , November 29, 2010
- ↑ a b Melanie Brandl: Swedish Import - The wooden houses are simply constructed and energy efficient. In: Die Welt , August 1, 2009
- ↑ The dream of the Swedish house - greetings from Pippi. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , May 17, 2010
- ↑ Settlement Research : Archeology, History, Geography, Volumes 15–16, 1997, p. 138.
- ↑ Katja Simon: Prefabricated House Architecture in Germany since 1945, p. 64.
- ↑ Dream off the shelf . In: Der Spiegel 16/1962.
- ↑ a b c Katja Simon: Prefabricated house architecture in Germany since 1945, p. 87.
- ↑ Building materials stolen like ravens . In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung , August 18, 2010.
- ↑ Topless . In: Der Spiegel 45/1964.
- ↑ Wolfgang Triebel , Institute for House Research (Ed.): Das Schwedenhaus. Bauverlag, 1967; Östgöta Sweden House. Bauverlag, 1967; Swedish element houses GmbH. Bauverlag, 1963.
- ↑ Katja Simon: Prefabricated House Architecture in Germany since 1945, p. 288.
- ^ Katja Simon: Prefabricated house architecture in Germany since 1945, p. 291.
- ↑ a b cf. Sweden houses for Austrians. In: Energieleben , January 9, 2012.
- ↑ cf. House types at a glance: prefabricated, energy-saving, solid & wooden houses. Section Realizing a dream home with the wooden house. In: News , June 8, 2016.