Sulfur bath (Hohenems)

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Old photography of the sulfur bath.
Sulfur fountain (next to the Chapel of the Holy Trinity (Hohenems) ), clearly visible the white sulfur deposits at the outlet.
Old postcard from the turn of the 19th / 20th century Century from the sulfur bath.

Schwefel-Bad (also: Schwefelbad or Bad Schwefel or Balneum Emsianum ) was a former spa and inn in Schwefel , a district of the town of Hohenems in Vorarlberg ( Austria ) and was also the oldest spa in Vorarlberg.

history

The "sulfur bath" was first mentioned in a document from 909 in Chur. The Cure of Bad sulfur is known at least since 1430, when on November 7, Archduke Siegmund in Ulm the knight Hans Ulrich I. von Ems (1421-1449), among other assets and rights and the sulfur awarded . On May 18, 1489, a new feudal letter from Emperor Friedrich to Hans Jakoben von Ems (d. 1508) was issued in Innsbruck , which also mentions the sulfur bath. In 1519 the Colmar doctor Lorenz Fries Bad "Emps ob Constantz" mentioned in his "Tractat der Wildbeder natuer". 1558 was mentioned by the Feldkirch town doctor, Achilles Pirminius Gasser (1505–1577), in a Latin poem about German baths, including the bath sulfur in Hohenems. In 1572 the Paracelsist Leonhard Thurneysser described in detail the composition, the therapeutic indications and the contraindications of the Emserbad water. In 1595 the sulfur chapel was built next to the bath . On March 6, 1600, a Michael Ehin, landlord in the sulfur bath in Hohenems, was named in a summons to the imperial district court in Wangen.

In the " Embser Chronicle " from 1616, the sulfur spring is called " far-famed " means that " allda out of the rock Ouellet ". In 1678 a printed bathing regulation for the Hohenems sulfur bath ( Balneum Emsianum ) was created. The sulfur spring also gave the district “Schwefel” in Hohenems its name. In the 18th century, beginning with the tenant (1710, and from 1711 owner) Johann Georg Tschoven (died 1729), the bath experienced a new boom from 1710 onwards. From 1714 to 1741 a lawsuit was pending against Johann Georg Tschoven, spa owner, represented by Franz Karl Streicher, for insulting the count and other issues. In 1744, the Bregenz city doctor, Jakob Mathias Zürcher von Guldenpöck (1701–1781) wrote a " Kurtze and warhaffte description of the very famous Schwebel-Bads from time immemorial ".

Between 1730 and 1740, to the left of the chapel, a new, three-story building in the baroque style with a mansard roof for the sulfur bath was built.

In the Vorarlberg state archives there is a Bregenz decree by Georg Andre von Buol an Hohenems dated September 2, 1767 regarding the transfer of the bath spring in Schwefel to the imperial ambassador in Graubünden, Baron von Buol, and his brother and their male descendants as after fiefs and the communication wherein the letter in the purchase of 1744 (at from Tschoven) ceded Appertinenzien exist.

The bathroom was then sold in the second half of the 18th century to the later postmaster Johann Baptist Streicher and his wife Maria Anna Lorinserin. The sulfur bath was plundered during the Napoleonic Wars. On January 31, 1800 the bath was sold for 14,000 guilders to the Imperial and Royal Court factor Wolf Josef Levi (1746–1823) (Levi called himself Benjamin Löwengard from 1813).

The bath was well attended until the 19th century. In 1807 a separate "dining establishment" was built for the Jews who used the bath, in which dishes prepared according to the Jewish rite were offered. Benjamin Löwengard's son, Isaak Löwengard (1769 - May 14, 1839), converted the right half of the house into a cotton mill in 1815 and the baths were limited to the left half of the house. At that time, however, the sulfur bath in Hohenems could not develop into a recognized health spa, despite the good local conditions.

The bath house and cotton spinning mill were sold in 1841 to the brothers Philipp and Josef Rosenthal (Rosenthal company, later Neumann and Sons and then owned by the Bohemian Länderbank and then the Hohenems weaving and printing company Josef Otten), who ran the baths in the previous house and set up a “cotton and towel printing”. A little later also a Turkish red dye works. The bathing business was relocated to a nearby inn on Römerstraße (southwest of the source, about 150 m north of the Jewish cemetery ). The Rosenthal brothers' textile manufacture with printing, dyeing, spinning, embroidery and the necessary power station was built around the old bathhouse.

In 1896 the bath was owned by Joseph Anton Benzer, around 1872 it was acquired by Johann Georg Vogel and became a Badwirt. In 1897 the stable building was expanded. In 1900 the inn was relocated from Römerstraße to the adjacent Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Straße. 1902–1903 the bath was extended by an annex.

In 1906 the sulfur bath at the Römerstrasse site was acquired by the Hohenems family Drexel (Johann Drexel, d. 1926), was married into the Schuler family in 1926 and was run and managed by the family until 1965. In 1912, the old three-story bathhouse to the left of the chapel in the operation of the Rosenthal brothers was largely demolished.

In 1926/1927 the sulfur bath on Römerstrasse was raised and a new ground floor was bricked up and the bath was extensively renovated and modernized. In the course of the resettlement of South Tyroleans, the sulfur bath was used briefly in 1940/41 to accommodate a few families. The bath was used to accommodate drainage workers as early as the early 1930s .

After 1945, holiday guests were also accepted in the sulfur bath. Up until 1955/56 there was an agricultural business in addition to the bathing and restaurant business. From 1946 onwards, some of the guest rooms were also used as company apartments. From 1957, the spa had to be closed over the summer, because the increasing traffic caused excessive noise. From this time onwards, only holiday guests were taken in and the attic was expanded, making 15 guest beds more available.

The bathing business ( balneology ) was leased in 1965 and finally closed in 1975. The building has been increasingly used as a workers' residence since 1966. On November 15, 1992, the property on which the sulfur bath was located was sold to Josef Otten. In November 1993 the house was demolished and a supermarket was built. This ended a centuries-old bathing tradition in Hohenems. The sulfur source is still publicly accessible and freely usable.

Geography / topography

The sulfur bath ( 413  m above sea level ) was about 2 km as the crow flies from the city center of Hohenems. The source outlet ( well room ) is right next to the Chapel of the Holy Trinity (Hohenems) (hence the sulfur chapel).

Mineral spring and bathing facility

Spring intake behind the sulfur well.
Lorenz Fries . Emps whether Constantz. In: Tractat der Wildbeder natuer. 1519
Bathing scene. In: Georg Schleh. Embser Chronicle. 1616

Healing spring

property

The mineral spring belonged first to the Hohenems rulership, then it was sold to the Rosenthal family, became the property of the Neumann and Sons company and then to the Bohemian Länderbank, then to the Otten company and was included in a property swap in 1951/52 from Otten to the Schuler family, who still own the source today.

Origin and setting of the healing spring

The sulphurous water emerges from a fault crevice in the Seewer marl limestone and is collected in a cemented basin. The pool stands in a cavity behind the sulfur fountain, which is closed by a door.

Characteristic of the healing spring

The healing spring was an evenly 15.6 ° cold sulfur spring with a sulfur content of 0.94 to 10.66 mg / l and a discharge of about 0.4 l / s. Already in the Embser Chronik of 1616 it is mentioned that the healing water is cold and has to be warmed up for bathing. The healing water is good for cold rivers in the head, stomach problems, makes cold, sluggish, disgruntled women funny and gay again, drives out jaundice , helps with frozen thighs and arms and is also meritorious with the eyes.

Bathing operation

The bathing operation was well described in 1811 by Johann Ulrich von Salis-Seewis from Graubünden. After that it was possible to bathe on each floor, he himself bathed twice a day for an hour each time.

Bathing operations could include up to 100 baths per day. Since there were no pumps in the early days, so-called “bath shuttles” were on duty to fill the wooden bathtubs, who carried out the warm water. The water was heated in a separate boiler house.

According to Johann Ulrich von Salis-Seewis, the effect of the water is exhausting and all spa guests complain of fatigue and drowsiness. The three-story building easily accommodated a hundred bathers. On the lower floor there were rooms in which bath tubs were set up. Johann Ulrich von Salis-Seewis paid 145 guilders for his 15-day stay in the spa . Of which 1 gulden per day for the lunch table and 48 Kreuzer in the evening (without wine). The spa itself was charged at 12 to 18 kreuzers each. When using a second bath on the same day, only warm water was poured into the tub.

In the 20th century, 14 bathing cabins with one or two tubs were installed. A bathing session lasted about 20 to a maximum of 30 minutes. In 1871, 400 domestic bathers (not foreigners) visited the bath.

The swimming pool was open from May 1st to October 1st every year. From 1948/49, central heating was installed and bathing was then possible all year round. In 1954 the installation of a sauna followed and from 1954 a spa operation.

The Schwefelbadstraße and the "Bad" plot are still a reminder of the bathing activities. The house built in 1902/1903 on Landesstrasse L 190 with the inscription: "1430 SCHWEFEL-BAD 1930" has since been demolished in favor of a shopping center.

Punctual justice

On the Bad Schwefel there was a fairness (see: Gerechtsame ), which obliged the landlords to serve the customary wine delivered by the Hohenems rulership during the bathing season. This led to complaints, also because of the poor quality of the wine supplied by the rulers. The taxes to the rulers were also always a point of contention.

Well-known bathers

  • Helena von Freiberg-Kißlegg, who met Gabriel von Ems here in 1559 and married a little later.
  • The abbot of the imperial abbey at Petershausen near Konstanz and a Doctor Wendelstein are looking for help against gout (“Podagram”).

literature

  • Werner Vogt: Old health spas in Vorarlberg a journey through the Vorarlberg bathing landscape. Verlag Benvenuti, Feldkirch 2001, ISBN 3-901522-07-7 .
  • Christoph Vallaster: Small Vorarlberg spa book. Book Spezial Verlag, Dornbirn 1984, ISBN 3-900496-03-3 .

Web links

Commons : Sulfur Bath  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gymnastics for the fatherland, sport for pleasure - Vorarlberg sports history until 1945 by Laurin Peter, p. 15.
  2. ↑ Chronicle of the Hohenems-Unterklien quarry , p. 18.
  3. ^ The streets of Hohenems and their history . Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 85, mentions that the sulfur source has been known for at least 2000 years. See also: Ludwig Welte, " History of the Reichsgrafschaft Hohenems ", 1930, p. 39.
  4. ↑ Arhivaal: Hohenems, Imperial County .
  5. ↑ Lorenz Fries. Tractate of Wildbeder natuer. Hans Grüninger , Strasbourg 1519 (digitized version)
  6. ^ Christoph Vallaster: Small Vorarlberger Heilbäderbuch. Book Spezial Verlag, Dornbirn 1984, ISBN 3-900496-03-3 , p. 79. According to the aperture of the Hohenems Reichslehen by the extinction of the male line and the description of the individual Reichslehen items , such as B. Alt-Ems , forecourt, blood tree, new castle to Ems in the Reute with the castle stables Glopper and 60 Heller annual valid from the so-called castle goods to Reute , silver and lead ore mines near Ems, the sulfur bath near Ems is also listed as a fief. See Vorarlberger Landesarchiv 14-120, Reichsgrafschaft Hohenems files , file number: HoA 044,03; File plan number: 061, p. 150.
  7. ^ Leonhard Thurneysser. Pison, the first part. The comparison of the Plantarum and Erdgewechsen samples from cold, warm mineral and metallic waters 10. Books , Franckfurt an der Oder 1572, pp. 213–214 (digitized version )
  8. ↑ Vorarlberg State Archives 14-120, Reich County Hohenems files , file number: HoA 077.07 and 077.06 HoA; File plan number: 105, p. 212.
  9. ↑ reprint of " Embser Chronicle " of 1616 by Johann Georg Schleh from Rottweyl in 1935 by Leopold Schwarz, 2nd edition, p. 40
  10. ↑ Balneum Emsianum. That is: A thorough description of the high-end Schwebelbadt, located in front of Embs, and what it means, strength, virtue and strength. 2017. ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr9NJAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA10%26lpg%3DPA10%26dq%3Dschwebel-bads%26source%3Dblu%Eec%3DEMA 26sig% 3DPHA1EKD_RMtHiv4X-5Ifld7MwL4% 26hl% 3Dde% 26sa% 3DX% 26ved% 3D2ahUKEwiKhPSO-PveAhVKC-wKHYOyA4EQ6AEwBnoECAMQAQ% 23v% 3Donepage% 3Dfepage% 3Dfepage% 26 ~ 3Dfepage% 26 ~ 3Dfepage% 26 ~ 3Dfepage% 26 ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
  11. ↑ Vorarlberg State Archives 14-120, Reich County Hohenems files , file number: HoA 087.01; File plan number: 103, p. 209 f.
  12. ↑ To be found in the Vorarlberger Landesbibliothek under: “ Kurtze and warhaffte description of the Schwebel-Bads, very famous from time immemorial, not far from the Hochgräfflichen Marck and Hochen-Embs Castle: Described by its special little power virtue and Würckung / by Jacob Mathias Zürcher von Guldenpöck, Phil. & Med. Doctor, & Phys. der Ober-Oesterreichischen Statt Bregentz ”, printed: Bregentz Schüßler 1744.
  13. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 91. See also: Ludwig Welte, “ Geschichte der Reichsgrafschaft Hohenems ”, 1930, p. 159.
  14. ↑ Vorarlberg State Archives 14-120, Reich County Hohenems files , file number: HoA 170.26; File plan number: 024, p. 44.
  15. ↑ See also: Aron Tänzer, “ The History of the Jews in Tyrol and Vorarlberg ”, Merau 1905, p. XXXV. and Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 91.
  16. ^ Josef Zötl, Johann Goldbrunner, " The mineral and medicinal waters of Austria: Geological foundations and trace elements ", Springer Verlag, Vienna 1993, ISBN 978-3-7091-7371-8 , p. 115 Google Books ; Adolph Schmidl, " Handbook for Travelers in the Austrian Imperial State ", Leipzig 1834, p. 436. Google Books
  17. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 92.
  18. ^ Peter Melichar , “ Displacement and Expansion: Expropriations and Provisions in Vorarlberg ”, Oldenbourg Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7029-0495-6 , p. 64.
  19. ^ Christoph Vallaster: Small Vorarlberger Heilbäderbuch. Book Spezial Verlag, Dornbirn 1984, ISBN 3-900496-03-3 , p. 84. See also: Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach no. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 94.
  20. ^ Josef Zötl, Johann Goldbrunner, " The mineral and healing waters of Austria: Geological foundations and trace elements ", Springer Verlag, Vienna 1993, ISBN 978-3-7091-7371-8 , p. 115 Google Books . See also: Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 96.
  21. ↑ The former lintel with the designation: "1897 GV" can be found with the Schuler family in Hohenems.
  22. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 96.
  23. ↑ Norbert Peter, " Hohenems, Old Pictures of a Young City ", Kulturkreis Hohenems, Hohenems 1988, p. 176. Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach no. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 94 ff.
  24. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 98 f.
  25. ↑ Georg Schleh. Embser Chronicle. Schnell, Embs 1616, p. 40 MDZ Munich digitized
  26. ^ Ferdinand Scheminzky, Wolfdietrich Weis, " Official Austrian Bath Book ", Vienna 1959, published by the Federal Ministry for Social Administration.
  27. ^ Josef Zötl, Johann Goldbrunner, " The mineral and healing waters of Austria: Geological foundations and trace elements ", Springer Verlag, Vienna 1993, ISBN 978-3-7091-7371-8 , p. 115 Google Books .
  28. ↑ = diseases with an excess of "phlegm" with runny nose, sinusitis and respiratory diseases.
  29. ↑ Johann Ulrich von Salis-Seewis was the youngest brother of Johann Gaudenz von Salis-Seewis .
  30. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 92. See also: Ludwig Welte, “ Geschichte der Reichsgrafschaft Hohenems ”, 1930, p. 32 and 159.
  31. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 96.
  32. ↑ Norbert Peter in " The sulfur bath according to old reports ", contribution in Emser Almanach No. 7, Hohenems 2003, ISBN 3-902249-27-7 , p. 93.
  33. ↑ See: Statistical yearbook for the year 1871 of the KK Statistischen Central-Commission, Vienna 1873, p. 563, Google Books .
  34. ^ Extract from the publication of the Augsburg State Archives , A2879; A2880; A2881 and Augsburg State Archives .
  35. ^ Johann Georg Schleh in "Embser Chronik" from 1616, p. 40.

Coordinates: 47 ° 20 ′ 54.3 "  N , 9 ° 40 ′ 22.5"  E