Sclerocactus papyracanthus
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Sclerocactus papyracanthus |
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| Sclerocactus papyracanthus | ||||||||||||
| ( Engelm. ) NPTaylor |
Sclerocactus papyracanthus is a species of the genus Sclerocactus in the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet refers to the paper-like thorns of the plants. English common names are “Grama Grass Cactus”, “Paper-Spined Cactus” and “Paper-Spine Pincushion Cactus”.
description
The individual, soft-fleshed, elongated, approximately egg-shaped plant bodies are bluish to green. They become 2 to 10 cm (rarely 20 cm) long and reach 1 to 4 cm in diameter. On them there are cylindrical, oval, 2.5-5 mm long and 3 mm wide warts. The characteristic 1 to 4 paper-like, variable, 2 to 5 cm long, white, gray to brownish central spines arise from the fine-haired, cream-colored to yellowish areoles . The roots are fibrous.
The funnel-shaped, long-tube flowers that usually appear at the apex are up to 2.5 cm long and 1.5 to 2.5 cm wide. The bracts are white, brownish, yellowish and pale pink. They sometimes have a brownish or pale pink median stripe. The flowering period is May to June.
The thin-walled, oval to cylindrical, up to 6 mm long and 4 mm wide fruits are brownish to brown and contain around 20 black, shiny seeds that ripen within 4 to 6 weeks.
distribution
Sclerocactus papyracanthus is one of the rarest and most extraordinary species in the United States . Although the total range is very large, the locations of the species are limited to a few small areas. It grows in Arizona , New Mexico and Texas in Juniper-Pinyon forests, in grasslands (in typical grama grass) and on flat hills in different types of soil at altitudes from 1100 to 2200 m. It is associated with Sclerocactus parviflorus , Escobaria missouriensis subsp. navajoensis , Echinocereus fendleri , Mammillaria wrightii , Mammillaria meiacantha , Echinomastus intertextus , various Opuntia species, Yucca elata and other Yucca species.
Systematics
The first plants were discovered by August Fendler in 1847 . Two years later under the name Mammillaria papyracantha the first description by George Engelmann . Toumeya was classified as an independent genus by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose in 1922. Nigel Paul Taylor placed the species in the genus Sclerocactus in 1987 .
In some locations, for example in New Mexico , the range of the species overlaps with Sclerocactus parviflorus . The flowering period at these locations is identical, but no hybrids have been found so far . In culture in Europe, however, crosses between Sclerocactus parviflorus and Sclerocactus papyracanthus were successful.
Synonyms are Echinocactus papyracanthus (Engelm.) Engelm. (1863), Toumeya papyracantha (Engelm.) Britton & Rose (1922) and Pediocactus papyracanthus (Engelm.) LDBenson (1962).
Danger
The species is threatened and was included in Appendix I of the Washington Convention for the Protection of Endangered Species. In the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN , the species is listed as " Least Concern (LC) ". H. listed as not endangered.
literature
- Norman H. Boke: Structure and development of the shoot in Toumeya . In: American Journal of Botany . Volume 44, Number 10, 1957, pp. 888-896, JSTOR 2438910 .
- Toumeya papyracantha . In: Fritz Hochstätter (Ed.): The Genera Pediocactus, Navajoa, Toumeya . English with a German summary. Selbstverlag, 2007, pp. 48–49, photo material p. 49, photo material p. 258–265, photo material p. 281, p. 283, p. 284, p. 360–361, first description pp. 335–336. ISBN 978-3-000212444 .
- JM Porter, M. Kinney, KD Heil: Relationships between Sclerocactus and Toumeya (Cactaceae) based in chloroplast trnL-F sequences . In: Haseltonia . Volume 7, 2000, pp. 8-23, PDF .
- Peter Rothbarth: Cristat formation on a Toumeya papyracantha . In: Cacti and other succulents . Volume 55, Issue 2, p. 35, 2004
Individual evidence
- ^ Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Science . New Series, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1849, pp. 49-50.
- ↑ a b Toumeya gen. Nov. In: NL Britton, JN Rose: The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . Washington 1922, Volume III, pp. 91f.
- ↑ Bradleya . Volume 5, 1987, p. 94.
- ^ Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis . Volume 2, 1863, pp. 197-198.
- ^ Cactus and Succulent Journal . Volume 34, No. 2, 1962, p. 61.
- ↑ Sclerocactus papyracanthus in the Red List of Threatened Species of IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: Heil, K., Terry, M. & Corral-Díaz, R., 2009. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
