Sea battle in Oresund (1427)
![Union flag captured by Lübeck in 1427 in the naval battle [1] (kept in Lübeck's Marienkirche until 1942)](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Skibsflaget_fra_Mariakirken_i_L%C3%BCbeck.png)
Union flag captured by Lübeck in the naval battle in 1427
( kept in Lübeck's Marienkirche until 1942 )
| date | July 11, 1427 to July 25, 1427 |
|---|---|
| place | near the island of Amager between Øresund and Køgebucht , Denmark |
| output | Danish victory |
| consequences | A large Hanse merchant fleet was hijacked by the Danes, the mayors overthrown in the Hanseatic cities of Lübeck and Wismar |
| Parties to the conflict | |
|---|---|
|
supported by Pommern-Barth |
|
| Commander | |
| Troop strength | |
| 33 smaller ships | 36 larger ships with 8,000 men |
The sea battle in the Øresund of July 11, 1427 was a naval battle between Danish, Swedish and Hanseatic war and merchant ships during the Danish-Holstein-Hanseatic War . Since the maneuvers of the Danish, Swedish and Hanseatic squadrons involved during the battle stretched from Øresund to the coast of Copenhagen and into the Køgebucht , the meeting was occasionally passed down as a sea battle near Copenhagen or a sea battle in the Køgebucht .
Starting position
King Erik , ruler of the Nordic empires of Denmark , Norway and Sweden , united in the Kalmar Union , provoked a war with the Hanseatic League by introducing the Sundzoll in 1426. Hanseatic ships passing through the Øresund and refusing to pay this duty were arrested by the Danes. In order to secure the Baiensalzflotte returning from Western Europe against it, a Hanseatic war fleet was sent to the Sound as escort.
Fight between Øresund and Køgebucht
Under the command of Lübeck's mayor Tidemann Steen , 36 Lübeck, Hamburg and Wismar warships met 33 Danish and Swedish warships off Copenhagen, which were commanded by Duke Barnim VIII . ( According to David Nicolle , some of these Nordic ships were English privateers with English crews flying the Royal Danish flag .)
Although Steen had orders not to engage in any combat until the merchant ships were secured, he attacked the royal fleet. Since Barnim let the Danish and Swedish squadrons operate separately, Steen also divided his fleet. Steen himself led the Lübeck squadron against the Swedes commanded by Reichsrat Greger Magnusson , while Mayor Hein Hoyer fought with his Hamburg squadron against Barnim's Danes. The Wismar squadron under Mayor Johann Bantzkow and Councilor Hinrik van Haren did not intervene in the fight in time.
The Lübeck team were initially victorious against the Swedes. They were able to board a few ships, capture a precious ship's flag and even capture Greger Magnusson. The Danes, however, attacked the hamburgers. During the Danish-Swedish counterattack, the Hamburg squadron was driven aground in shallows near Copenhagen and abandoned by the retreating Lübeck ships. The Danes not only captured the Hamburg ships, but also the entire, now defenseless, merchant fleet by July 25th.
The defeat led to political unrest in the Hanseatic cities. Steen was deposed, expropriated and thrown into the tower prison of the Lübeck Marstall for three years . Van Haren was lynched by the Wismar mob, Bantzkow was publicly executed. Hoyer remained in Danish captivity until the armistice of 1432. Magnusson remained in captivity in Lübeck for just as long.
literature
- David Nicolle: Forces of the Hanseatic League, 13th-15th Centuries , 40–40 . Osprey Publishing 2014
- George Childs Kohn (Ed.): Dictionary of Wars , pp . 254f . Routledge 2013
- Ulla Ehrensvärd, Pellervo Kokkonen, Juha Nurminen: The Baltic Sea - 2000 years of seafaring, trade and culture , pages 56 and 252. National Geographic, Hamburg 2010
- Danebroge . In: Christian Blangstrup (Ed.): Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Cikorie – Demersale . JH Schultz Forlag, Copenhagen 1916, p. 517 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
- Georg Wislicenus , Willy Stöwer : Germany's sea power along with an overview of the history of seafaring of all peoples . Reprint-Verlag, Leipzig 1896, p. 38 f.
- Carl Georg Starbäck, Per Olof Bäckström: Berättelser ur svenska historien . Andra bandet, Medeltiden, II, squid unions. F. & G. Beijers Förlag, Stockholm 1885, p. 64 f.
- Ludwig Albrecht Gebhardi: History of the kingdoms of Denmark and Norway . Johann Justinus Gebauer, Halle 1770, Volume 1, p. 661.
Web links
- The Chronicle of the Hanseatic League . european-heritage.org
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans Horstmann: The Danish flag from 1427 in the Marienkirche in Lübeck. In: Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv 2 (1978), pp. 191–194, dsm.museum (PDF)