Side relatives
| Side relatives | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pleurotaceae | ||||||||||||
| Bolder |
The side relatives (Pleurotaceae) are a family within the order of the mushroom-like (Agaricales) with about 350 described species. The fruiting bodies of the mushrooms that usually grow on wood have an eccentric or sideways stalk and lamellae. Many species are able to feed completely or partially on nematodes . The family is common in both temperate latitudes and the tropics.
features
The fruiting bodies have a hat with lamellas and usually also a stem. The trama is meaty or tough. The stem stands eccentrically or to the side and the smooth surface of the hat is usually colored gray and tinted blue or purple. Sometimes there may be a velum .
The hyphae system is monomitic or dimitic . The hyphae are sometimes gelatinized. They wear buckles on their septa , but cannot be stained with iodine. The club-shaped basidia usually have four sterigms . In addition to the basidia, thick-walled, encrusted cystids are often found . The cylindrical basidiospores are hyaline, smooth or weakly punctured and more or less thin-walled.
Distribution and ecology
The family is widespread in both temperate latitudes and the tropics. The representatives grow saprobion table on woody substrate, more rarely on the roots of herbaceous plants. Many species are known to feed partially or exclusively on nematodes. For this purpose, their hyphae form special catching organs. These are either catch knots that are coated with a sticky substance or processes that can secrete a toxin that makes the nematodes unable to move.
Systematics
The Pleurotaceae are a well-defined family. In addition to morphological and molecular biological characteristics, the family has the ability to feed on nematodes . There are indications that the knight relatives (Tricholomataceae) are a sister taxon of the side relatives.
Genera
The family contains almost 350 described species and 8 genera with the anamorphic genus Nematoctonus . The two most important genera are the mussels and the mushrooms.
- Acanthocystis (Fayod) Kühner 4 species
- Agaricochaete acorn. 4 types
- Antromycopsis Pat. & Trot. 11 types
- Crepidopus (Nees) Gray 1 Art
- Geopetalum Pat. 3 species
- Musselings ( Hohenbuehelia Schulzer ) 114 species
- Nematoctonus Drechsler ( anamorph of the genus Hohenbuehelia ) 9 species
- Oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus (Fr.) P. Kumm. ) 202 species
meaning
The oyster mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus ) and related species are popular edible mushrooms that are cultivated on straw, sawdust or other agro-industrial waste products in many countries. Some research groups have investigated the question of whether Pleurotus species can be used to remediate PCP-contaminated soils.
proof
- Pleurotaceae bolder. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 13, 2015 .
- Pleurotaceae bolder. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalog of Life . Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Kunze T., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt RE, Decock W., De Wever A. ,, 2014 , accessed February 14, 2015 .
literature
- P. Cannon & P. Kirk: Fungal Families of the World . CAB International, 2007, p. 289 .
- RG. Thorn, JM. Moncalvo, CA. Reddy, R. Vilgalys: Phylogenetic analyzes and the distribution of nematophagy support a monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi . In: Mycologia . tape 92 , no. 2 , 2000, pp. 241-52 ( cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).
