Zemlyansk
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Semljansk
Землянск
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Semljansk ( Russian Землянск ) is a village (former city) in the Voronezh Oblast ( Russia ) with 3043 inhabitants (as of October 14, 2010).
geography
The village is located in the forest steppe area of southwest central Russia, a good 40 km as the crow flies northwest of the center of the oblast capital Voronezh . It lies at the confluence of the small rivers Serebrjanka and Zemlyanka; the Serebrjanka flows a few kilometers south into the right Don tributary Weduga.
Semlyansk belongs to the Semiluki Rajon and is about 30 km north-northwest from its administrative center Semiluki . The village is the center of the rural community Zemlyanskoje selskoje posselenije , to which four other villages a few kilometers away belong: the hamlets of Bystrik (southeast), Golovishche (northwest) and Sazepnoje (west) and the village of Serebrjanka (south).
history
The story of Zemlyansk begins in 1657, when Tsar Alexei I ordered a military settlement to be built there, in which initially decommissioned soldiers resettled from Little Russia lived. As early as 1663 the place was called a city; in the following years it was surrounded by a wooden wall and a moat. When the empire was divided into governorates in the 18th century, Zemlyansk came to Voronezh governorate and became the administrative center of a Ujezd .
In the Soviet period, Zemlyansk, whose development had stagnated since the early 19th century, lost its city status as part of an administrative reform in 1928, but became the administrative seat of a raion of the same name . During the German-Soviet War Zemlyansk was occupied by the German Wehrmacht from July 5, 1942 to January 27, 1943 .
In 1963 the place lost its administrative function when the Rajon was connected to the Semiluki Rajon. The population of Zemlyansk initially increased again after the Second World War , but was consistently below that of the late 18th century.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1786 | 3890 |
| 1897 | 5333 |
| 1939 | 1207 |
| 1959 | 1186 |
| 2002 | 3155 |
| 2010 | 3043 |
Note: from 1897 census data
Attractions
In Zemlyansk, the Nikolai Church ( церковь Николая Чудотворца , tserkow Nikolaya Chudotworza ) from 1794 has been preserved, replacing a previous wooden building from 1770.
Sons of the place
- Vladimir Bachmetjew (1885–1963), writer, publicist and literary critic
- Ilja Schatrow (1879–1952), military musician and composer
- Jewgeni Sepp (1878–1957), neurologist, academician
Economy and Infrastructure
In Zemlyansk there are several factories that process the products made in the surrounding agricultural area. There is a road connection from Voronezh via Semiluki, which is bypassed to the north. The road continues into the north-western part of the Rajon and Oblast and into the Kastornoje Rajon of the neighboring Kursk Oblast .
literature
- Leonid Borissowitsch Weinberg: Zemlyansk . In: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона - Enziklopeditscheski slowar Brokgausa i Jefrona . tape 12 [23]: Жилы – Земпах. Brockhaus-Efron, Saint Petersburg 1894, p. 471–472 (Russian, full text [ Wikisource ] PDF ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
- ↑ Nikolai Church of Zemlyansk on sobory.ru (Russian).