Servite monastery Halberstadt

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City center map of Halberstadt 1895

The Servite monastery in Halberstadt was a branch of the Servite Order in Halberstadt (Saxony-Anhalt). The monastery was founded in 1297 (or shortly before), probably by monks from the Servite monastery in Hasselfelde , and was dissolved in 1534.

location

The monastery buildings were located at the water gate outside the old city walls in the new city, presumably in the area north of Gleimstrasse, presumably at the junction of the street Am Neustädter Kirchhof. Since a piece of land is described in a document that adjoined the monastery grounds to the west and reached as far as the Holtemme , it can only have been this area of ​​the new town. Another document reports that the monastery was located near the gate mill. It is conceivable that the Neustädter Kirchhof emerged from this monastery grounds, because the Servites also had their own church yard (mentioned in 1490) in the monastery grounds.

history

Due to its location in the Neustadt district, the Servite monastery in Halberstadt or the Servites themselves were also commonly referred to as the new brothers , novi fratres , also fratres in nova civitate , brothers in nygenstadt and Nauwenbrudern . There are different opinions in the literature about when the Servite branch was founded in Halberstadt. In the more recent literature it is assumed that it must have occurred some time (years?) Before 1298. The patronage of the monastery church has not been handed down. According to Angela Koch, it was probably dedicated to Saint Mary.

In 1294 (without a monthly or current date) the Halberstadt citizen Gottfried von Oscherleben made a larger foundation for the city council, from which various Halberstadt institutions were to receive annual donations. This also includes the new monastery ( novum claustrum ), which should receive 5 shillings a year. Unfortunately, there is no reference to the religious affiliation of this new monastery . The Franciscan and Dominican convents as well as St. Burchardi, the hospital and the leprosy outside the city walls are explicitly named in the document, i.e. these convents and institutions can not be meant by the new monastery . According to the index of the document book of the city of Halberstadt, Gustav Schmidt identified this new monastery with the Servite monastery, because he lists the relevant document under the monastery of the Marienknechte on the Neustadt . If this identification is correct, the establishment of the Halberstadt Servitenkonvents would be moved to at least 1294.

In a document dated March 25, 1298, which the Archbishop Burchard of Magdeburg and the Bishops Bruno von Naumburg, Albrecht von Meißen, Heinrich von Merseburg, Volrad von Brandenburg and Johann von Havelberg issued together, the monastery of the Servites is referred to as novella plantatio . This document also shows that the monastery was founded no later than 1297 (or a few years earlier). In the certificate, the issuers of the certificate grant the new monastery indulgences for 40 days. Bishop Hermann von Halberstadt followed on January 7, 1300 and in turn granted the newly founded monastery of the Marienknechte an indulgence and confirmed the indulgences of the archbishop and the above bishops. Finally Pope Boniface VIII took the new monastery of the Marienknechte in Halberstadt on April 13, 1302 under his protection.

Due to the rapid succession of the two monastery foundations of the Servites in Himmelgarten near Nordhausen (before 1295) and in Halberstadt, and the abandonment of the monastery in Hasselfelde (from 1295), some historians have suspected that the founding of Halberstadt (and also the founding in Himmelgarten at Nordhausen) by Hasselfelder monks. Zinkl assumed that Bishop Hermann, in association with Siegfried von Blankenburg, called the Servites from the Paradieskloster in Hasselfelde to Halberstadt. However, there is no evidence whatsoever to support this claim.

The new founding in Halberstadt seems to have been very successful, because on February 16, 1306 the Servite monastery in Halberstadt was able to acquire the Antoniushof and a piece of land at the Holtemme in the Neustadt, which adjoined their monastery to the west for 14 marks of silver from Stendal currency from Bishop Albrecht and the cathedral chapter in Halberstadt. On June 9th, 1306 the council and the citizens of the city confirmed this sale and in turn sold their share and their rights to the monastery for 25 silver marks.

On February 2, 1308 the monastery of the Marienknechte bought a hoof with all rights in Ober-Rundstedt from Count Heinrich von Regenstein and his wife Elisabeth, with the consent of their children Heinrich, Odelrich / Ulrich, Sifrid, Gerhard and Mechthild, for 22 silver marks. The hoof brought in 14 malter grain annual interest.

On September 25, 1309, Duke Rudolf von Sachsen-Wittenberg gave three farms and five Hufen in Kochstedt to the monastery of the Marienknechte in Halberstadt . In a document issued on August 19, 1310, Count Otto von Falkenstein renounced all claims to the five Hufen and three farms in Kochstedt that the Marienknechte monastery had acquired.

On February 12, 1313, the monastery of the Marienknechte sold a hoof to the Halberstadt monastery in Ver-Neinstedt (which had fallen desolate, east of Schlanstedt ). However, the monastery canceled the purchase on January 1, 1317 because the hoof was a fief.

On December 17, 1315, Hadmersleben Monastery donated a tithe from the desolate farm in Ver-Neinstedt to the Marienknechte monastery in Halberstadt.

Seal of the Servite monastery in Halberstadt from 1324

In 1324 Prior Johannes and the convent of the Servites in Halberstadt gave the canon Johann von Reinstedt of S. Bonifatius a hoof in Ober-Runstedt (hour west of Halberstadt).

In 1406, the Servit Hoyer Roem and Nicolaus Luley from the St. John's Monastery left their orders, presumably under the influence of Jan Hus in Prague and John Wyclif , and adopted secular clothing. The latter also took the seal of his order with him and used it for legal acts, and even held services.

In 1416 (March 12), Lüdeke Hake, his brother and his brother's son gave the Servite monastery in Halberstadt an annual interest of seven shillings from a hoof on the Dingelstedt field for a sea fair.

The Scholasticus Heise Vunke from Our Dear Women in Halberstadt, in his function as executor of the will of the cathedral dean Conrad von Driburg, decreed in 1428 that the income from his foundation, namely 12½ marks, the cathedral annually 2½ marks to celebrate his memoir about Bonifatii, 8 Malter Receives wheat for a donation of the poor and a mark for the Matthias Festival. Our dear women received 1 ½ marks for the memorial and one mark for the feast of S. Petri. The churches of S. Johann, S. Bonifatii and S. Pauli each received 25 schillings for memorial purposes. The monasteries of the preachers, the barefooters, the Marienknechte, the churches of S. Nicolai and S. Jacobi each received a Ferding. The hospitals S. Spiritus, S. Alexii, S. Georg, S. Johann and the Siechenhof each received three shillings. After Heise's death his own executors, later the chapter UL Women, were to take over the administration of the will. After any repayment of the interest, the money should be reinvested with the consent of two canons and one canon each from S. Johann, S. Bonifatii and S. Pauli.

On May 26, 1439, the Provincial of the Servite Order Sander confirmed a brotherhood between the Servite monastery in Halberstadt and the society of miller and baker servants in Halberstadt.

In 1486 the Prior General of the Servites, Antonius Alabanti, visited the order province of Alamania and held a provincial chapter in the convent in Germersheim . For this purpose, a register was created that recorded the number of monks, the church equipment and the income of the respective monasteries, as well as the fees of the individual monasteries to the order headquarters. The monastery in Halberstadt had to surrender 8 guilders. According to the register of Antonio Alabanti, the convent in Halberstadt had eleven priest-monks. There were no novices or clerics in the monastery. Six of the priest monks were terminators who collected gifts in their terminating districts (begging districts). One brother was a pastor in a parish church incorporated into the convent. The monastery had:

  • Interest in money from (leased) fields and meadows in the amount of 4 guilders
  • Fruit interest from the village of Hokstat in the amount of 24 Malter rye and wheat
  • Irregular income and bequests at 15 guilders (more or less)
  • the first terminating district brought 8 guilders
  • the second terminating district brought 8 guilders
  • the third terminating district also brought 8 guilders
  • the fourth terminating district brought 7 guilders and the
  • the fifth terminating district brought 30 Malter grain

In the sacristy there were six chalices, seven paces, and two silver monstrances. There was also a silver reliquary in the shape of a forearm with the relics of St. Sebastian and two silver ampoules. Mass vestments and altar clothing were sufficiently available.

In 1495 brother Heinrich Kone, provincial vicar of the Minorite Order for Saxony, announced the fraternization of the order with the Servite monastery in Halberstadt.

In 1519, Hermann Protzel bequeathed an annual gift of ½ guilders to the Marienknechte monastery; in return the monks should celebrate a memory for him.

In 1534 the last prior and also inmate of the Arnold Arnoldi monastery handed over the goods and monastery buildings to Cardinal Albrecht , who was also the administrator of the Halberstadt diocese at the time. The Servite monastery in Halberstadt was thus extinguished. Arnold Arnoldi died four years later in 1538.

Priorities

  • 1313 Godeschalcus / Gottschalk, Prior, Ulricus provincialis
  • 1319 Werner von Blankenburg, prior
  • 1324 Johann, prior
  • 1380 Conrad von Plaue
  • 1431 Johan Smed and Herman von Brunswick, brothers of the Servite Order
  • 1439 Clawes Gardelege, prior
  • 1462 Jordanus, prior
  • 1477 Wenzeslaus (Pruss), prior, he was provincial in 1486 and sat in Grossenhain , Johannes Wedderstrof, subprior
  • 1486 Henricus de Vach, prior
  • 1531–34 Arnoldus Arnoldi de Stolberg, prior and last inmate of the monastery

building

Nothing has been preserved above ground from the buildings of the monastery.

literature

  • Friedrich Schlemm: History of Freemasonry in Halberstadt. 134 p., Dölle, Halberstadt 1846. Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated to Schlemm, History of Freemasonry with corresponding page number)
  • Gustav Schmidt: Document book of the Collegiate donors S. Bonifacii and S. Pauli in Halberstadt. 630 p., Verlag Otto Hendel, Halle, 1881 (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt document book of the Collegiate donors with corresponding page number)
  • Franz Schrader: Struggle, Fall and Survival of the Catholic Monasteries in the Hochstifte Magdeburg and Halberstadt from the Reformation to the Peace of Westphalia. (Catholic life and church reform in the age of religious schism 37) 1st edition, Münster 1977.
  • Angela Koch: Mendicants in Halberstadt. A contribution to the founding, establishment and dissolution of mendicant convents in medieval and early modern Halberstadt. In: Dieter Berg (ed.): Citizens, mendicants and bishops in Halberstadt: Studies on the history of the city, the mendicants and the diocese from the Middle Ages to the early modern period. Dietrich-Coelde Verlag, Werl 1997 (also Saxonia Franciscana vol. 9 contributions to the history of the Saxon Franciscan Province) (abbreviated below, Koch, Mendikanten in Halberstadt with corresponding page number)
  • Gustav Schmidt: Document book of the city of Halberstadt. First part. 594 p., Verlag von Otto Hendel, Halle, 1878 (historical sources of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas, 7th volume, first part) (hereinafter abbreviated to Schmidt, deed book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1 with the corresponding page number and document number)
  • Gustav Schmidt: Document book of the city of Halberstadt. Second part. 548 p., Printed and published by Otto Hendel, Halle, 1879 (historical sources of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas, 7th volume. Second part) (in the following abbreviated to Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, volume 2 with corresponding page number and document number)
  • Peregrino Soulier: De Antiquis Servorum Coenobiis in Germania. Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, 1: 113–149, Brussels, 1893 (abbreviated below, Soulier, Monumenta, vol. 1 with corresponding page number)
  • Gregor Maria Zinkl: The Servite monasteries in Germany before the Reformation. Der Katholik, Journal for Catholic Science and Church Life, 4th episode, 10 (8): 86-101, Mainz 1912 PDF (hereinafter abbreviated to Zinkl, Servitenkloster with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Ludwig Zschiesche: Halberstadt, otherwise and now: with consideration of its surroundings. 256 pp., Verlag der Helmschen Buchhandlung (C. Kunz), Halberstadt, 1895.
  2. ^ Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 185, document no. 310
  3. ^ Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 198, document no. 344.
  4. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, p. 407, document number 1175 Online at archive.org
  5. ↑ Koch, Mendikanten in Halberstadt, pp. 183–90.
  6. ↑ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, Vol. 1, pp. 197–199, Document No. 258 Online at archive.org
  7. ↑ a b Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, Bd. 1, S. 215, Urk.Nr.284 Online at archive.org
  8. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 218, document no. 288 online at archive.org
  9. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 224, document no. 295 online at archive.org
  10. ↑ Zinkl, Servitenkloster, p. 91.
  11. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 242, document number 311 online at archive.org
  12. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 242, document number 314 online at archive.org
  13. ↑ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 247, document no. 322 online at archive.org
  14. ^ Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 252/53, document number 326. Online at Technische Universität Braunschweig Publication server (longer loading time)
  15. ^ Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 255/56, document no. 329. Online at archive.org
  16. ^ A b Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 91, document no. 122.
  17. ^ Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 96, document no. 127.
  18. ↑ Hadmersleben Monastery gives the monastery of the Marienknechte a tithe from its desolate court in Ver-Neinstedt. 1315 Dec. 17
  19. ^ Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 280/81, document number 358. Online at archive.org
  20. ↑ Schmidt, document book of the city of Halberstadt, 2, plate 2, Fig. 6.
  21. ↑ Bernd Sternal, Lisa Berg: The Harz History: Volume 2: Early and High Middle Ages; A piece of the history of Central Europe Volume 2 The early and high Middle Ages. 156 p., Sternal Media, Norderstedt 2012 ISBN 978-3-8482-0746-6 , p. 119.
  22. ↑ a b Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, Bd. 1, S. 316/17, Urk.Nr.410 Online at archive.org
  23. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, p. 28, document number 718 Online at archive.org
  24. ↑ Lüdeke Hake, his brother and brother's son give the monastery of the Marienknechte in Halberstadt an annual interest of 7 shillings from a hoof land in the field of Dingelstedt, for the sea fair. 1416 Mae. 12
  25. ↑ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, pp. 56/57, document number 754 online at archive.org
  26. ↑ Heise Vunke, Scholasticus from UL Frauen, is the only testamentary (the others are dead) of the cathedral dean Conrad von Driburg to order that a quarter of the tenth of the desert Ergstedt, that for 100 marks, and of the tenth of Monkendorp, that for 300 Rh. Fl. Is bought, the income, namely 12½ Marks, is to be used in this way. The cathedral receives 2 ½ marks annually to celebrate its memorial for Bonifatii, 8 Malter wheat for a donation of the poor and one mark for the Matthias Festival; UL women 1 ½ marks for memories and one mark for the feast of S. Petri; S. Johann, S. Bonifatii and S. Pauli each 25 Schillings for the Memorie; the monasteries of the preachers, the barefooted, the Marienknechte, S. Nicolai and S. Jacobi each 1 Ferding; the hospitals S. Spiritus, S. Alexii, S. Georg, S. Johann and the Siechenhof each 3 schillings. After Heise's death his own wills, later the chapter UL women, are supposed to have the administration of the will. In the event of a repurchase, the money is to be reinvested with the advisory board of two canons and one canon each from S. Johann, S. Bonifatii and S. Pauli. 1428 Nov 20
  27. ↑ The Provincial of the Order of Marienknechte for Germany Sander confirms a brotherhood between the monastery in Halberstadt and the society of millers and bakers. 1439 May 26
  28. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, Vol. 1, p. 142.
  29. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, Vol. 1, p. 130.
  30. ^ Brother Heinrich Kone, Provincial Vicar of the Minorite Order for Saxony, announces the brotherhood of the order to the monastery of the Marienknechte in Halberstadt. 1495 Jul. 02
  31. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, S. 422/23, Urk.Nr.1206 Online at archive.org
  32. ^ Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 532, document no. 409
  33. ↑ Monumenta Ordinis Servorum Sanctae Mariae, Vol. 1, p. 116.
  34. ^ Schlemm, History of Freemasonry, p. 20 Online at Google Books, p. 20.
  35. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 297/98, document no. 383 online at archive.org
  36. ^ Schmidt, document book of the Collegiate donors, p. 106, document no. 140
  37. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, vol. 1, p. 483/84, document number 595 online at archive.org
  38. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, p. 152/53, document number 844 Online at archive.org
  39. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, pp. 190/91, document number 893 Online at archive.org
  40. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, p. 278, Urk.Nr.1008 Online at archive.org
  41. ^ Schmidt, Urkundenbuch der Stadt Halberstadt, 2, p. 317, document number 1070 Online at archive.org
  42. ^ Arcangelo Giani, Luigi Maria Garbi: Annalium Sacri Ordinis Fratrum Servorum B. Mariae Virginis A suae Institutionis exordio ...., Volume 1. Typis Marescandoli, Lucca, 1719 Online at Google Books

Coordinates: 51 ° 54 ′ 1 "  N , 11 ° 3 ′ 15"  E